UNAM Gā-aisib Repository
The UNAM Gā-aisib Repository serves as a central platform to preserve and showcase the university's scholarly output.
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Facebook as a learning support tool for physical science grade 12 learners in selected school in the Oshikoto Region, Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2022) Amutenya, Amunime Leonard; Edwards-Jauch Lucy
The purpose of the study was to explore whether Facebook has the potential to support
teaming and mastery of Physical Science to improve learners' academic performance
on the topic of stoichiometry at Grade 12 level in selected schools in the Oshikoto
Region. The hypothesis of this study was:
Ho: There is no significant difference in the learner's academic performance in
NSSCO Physical Science on the topic of stoichiometry when Facebook is
used as a learning support tool.
HJ: There is a significant difference in the learner's academic performance in
NSSCO Physical Science on the topic of stoichiometry when Facebook is
used as a learning support tool.
The study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, constituted
of a Non- Equivalent-Groups Pre-test, Intervention and Post-test. The sample
consisting of 38 participants were selected using stratified random sampling method
in order to ensure that not all students of the same academic ability are in the same
group. Both the control and experimental group consisted of 19 participants in each
group.
During the intervention, the control group participants were supported in a traditional
way of teaching. They received notes, handouts, exercises and homework. While for
the experimental group, in addition to the traditional way of teaching, had access to
multimedia and interaction through Facebook.
After the intervention the mean score of the experimental group highly increased
exceeding the mean score of the control group. The calculated statistical value (t-value
= 4.5802363101) at a= 0.05 with a degree of freedom of36 is greater than the critical
statistical value (t - critical =2.750). Therefore, there exists a significant difference
between the control and experimental score marks when Facebook was used as a
learning support tools. These reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative
hypothesis. This study shows that teachers can no longer avoid using relevant social
media technologies. Therefore, the study put forward a case that there is a need to
develop models and strategies to guide all educational stakeholders on how Social
Media Networks can be effectively used as learning environments.
A comparative study of the male and female discourses on adolescent pregnancy, sexuality and fertility in Groot Aub, Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2020) April, Jermine Letitia; Edwards-Jauch Lucy
This study offered unique insights into the gendered discourses and power relations that
create sexual double standards between male and female adolescents. It focused on the
mapping of male and female discourses on adolescent pregnancy, sexuality and fertility in
Groot Aub, Namibia. The study used critical discourse analysis to compare the cultural
values, norms, practices, and perceptions about adolescent sexuality, pregnancy and fertility
between men and women. With the use of stratified purposive sampling technique, 41
participants were interviewed using semi-structured and key informant interviews.
The findings showed the sexual double standards that were reinforced by patriarchal,
traditional and religious discourses. Female sexuality was mostly shamed and it was blamed
for teenage pregnancy. These discourses pathologised pregnant teenagers and constructed
girls as being sexually promiscuous and damaged. In return, boys who impregnated girls
were described as "the guy" or "the man", who acts out of his "natural desires" and who are
easily bribed by older women into early sexual debuts. Thus, the lack of male responsibility
for their sexuality and fertility was normalised. These discourses inform traditional practices
which exasperate gender sexual inequalities and power imbalances between men and women.
Furthermore, conservative traditional, cultural and religious discourses dominated adolescent
fertility discourses in Groot Aub. These fertility discourses were found to be embedded in
gender stereotypes and myths, hence, fostering cultural silence on male sexuality and fertility.
The researcher recommends an all-inclusive approach that targets both adolescent girls and
boys, as well as women and men in the community on Sexual and Reproductive Health
(SRH) and teenage pregnancies to mitigate stigma, myths and stereotypes that are attached to
adolescent SRH, and to transcend patriarchal and derogative cultural sexuality discourses
An investigation of factors affecting utilisation of antenatal care services among women in post-natal wards in Namibian hospitals. A case study of Intermediate Katutura and Windhoek Central Hospitals
(University of Namibia, 2022) Amungulu, Mhingana Ester
Antenatal care services are the care provided by skilled health-care professionals to
pregnant women to ensure the best health for both mother and baby during pregnancy and
after delivery. Utilisation is a quantification or description of the use of services by
persons to prevent and cure health problems, promoting maintenance of health and well being, or obtaining information about one's health status and prognosis. In Namibia
utilisation of antenatal care services has been reported to be dropping from 97% in 2013
to 91% in 2016. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the
utilisation of antenatal care services among women in post-natal wards at the Intermediate
Katutura Hospital and Windhoek Central Hospital in Khomas region. The objectives of
the study were to investigate the factors affecting the utilisation of ANC services and to
investigate association of the factors affecting utilisation of antenatal care services among
the mothers admitted in the postnatal wards at the selected hospitals.
A quantitative approach and a cross-sectional analytical design were used to carry out the
study. The population of the study was all mothers who delivered and were admitted to
the postnatal ward of Intermediate Hospital Katutura and Windhoek Central Hospital
during the time of the study. Data were collected from a total sample of 320 mothers
using self-administered structured questionnaires. The data were analysed using the
Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 25 software. Desc'riptive statistics
were used to analyse factors influencing the utilisation of ANC services among the
respondents. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to investigate the association
between categorical variables in the study. The back ward stepwise Binary logistic
regression was used to predict the odds of not utilizing ANC based on the values of the
independent variables (predictor).
The participants of the study were aged between 18 years and 42 years with a mean age
of 27 years. The result shows that 229 (71.6%) utilised ANC while 91(28.4%) did not
utilise ANC services. Utilisation of ANC was significantly associated with women's
attitude toward the current pregnancy (p-value 0.0 14).
The study identified factors that affect utilisation of ANC services such as age, marital
status, mothers education, partner's formal education, negative attitude of health care
providers, long distance to and from ANC health care facilities, fear of HIV test and
results, Covid-19 regulations, inability to determine the pregnancy at the earlier stages
and financial constraints. Based on this study findings, it is recommended that the
utilisation of ANC might be improved through effective community mobilisation and
outreach of maternity services to educate and improve awareness on the importance of
ANC. Furthermore, qualitative research utilising interviews may be conducted for the in depth feedback from participants. Finally, a countrywide study may be conducted to
reflect the true picture of antenatal care utilisation in Namibia
Investigation of the determinants of examination malpractice intentions of pre-service deaf teachers using the hierarchical multiple regression analysis
(Wiley, 2025) Adigun, Olufemi Timothy
This study examined the determinant factors of examination malpractice intentions (EMI) among pre-service deaf students in a Nigerian teacher training college. Four (4) research questions were raised and answered in the study. Data were collected from265 pre-service deaf teachers using a closed-ended questionnaire. Data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation, hierarchical multiple regression analysis, and the independent t-test at a 0.05 level of significance. Theresults obtained revealed a significant inverse relationship between the academic level of pre-service teachers and EMI among the study participants. Peer pressure was found to have the highest predictive capacity of influencing EMI, followed by academic level and study habits, respectively. There was also a moderating interaction between achievement motivation, test anxiety, and EMI among the participants. A significant difference only exists in the EMI among the participants based on gender parity and not the onset of deafness. Based on the findings, the study recommends that relevant stakeholders in deaf education and deaf studies work towards the building of self-confidence required for academic excellence. More so, deaf students should be guided and encouraged to carefully choose friends who can positively influence their academic decisions and actions
Assessment of provisional taxpayers compliance with tax laws: A case for Oshakati office
(University of Namibia, 2020) Amakutuwa, Akaktofel; Chirimbana, Moses
The purpose of the study was to make an assessment of the provisiona l taxpayers· compliance
with tax laws at the Oshakati Inland Revenue Offi ce. The study seek answer to the fo llowing
resea rch questions; (I ) What is the level of compliance to tax laws among the provisional tax
payers registered with the IRD Oshakati Office? (2) What are the fac tors that influence
provisiona l taxpayers' compliance with tax laws among the provisional taxpayers registered
with the fRD Oshakati Office? (3) What strategies can be used to mitiga te on the compliance
with tax laws among the provisiona l tax payers registered with Oshakati Office? The study
utili zed a mi xed method to co llect data from employees fo r lRD Oshakati Offi ce and the
taxpayers for IRD Oshakati Offi ce. The quantitati ve dimension of the study used a stratified
random sampling strategy to select 3 76 taxpayers who completed a closed ended que tionnaire
and a purposeful sampling strategy through the use of an in-depth face to face interview was
used to select data from 14 empl oyees fo r Oshakati Inland Revenue. The findings of the study
show that the level of compliance to tax payment by tax payers at the Oshakati Inland Revenue
office is 36.9% which is less than 50%. In addition, the study also found out that the attitudes
of the taxpayers have effect on their compliance to tax payment at the IRD Oshakati Office.
The study a lso fo und out that the level o f compliance of the taxpayers relate to their income.
Those who earn more, are more compliant than those who earn less. The study also fo und out
that the level of governmental accountability and transparency detem1ines their level of
compliance to the payment. More so, the study a lso unveiled that the level of educa tion,
understanding public responsibility towards the benefits of paying taxes influence an
individua l's decision to be compliant with tax laws.
Based on the findings above, the study recommended the need to educa te the genera l
publi c on the importaJJCe of complying with tax laws, and that the taxpayers need to be given
a total ownership and autonomy understand that they are the ones who keep the government
revenue run and economically functional. The study also recommended that there should be a
li ve broadcast and campaigns to a lert the general public of their legitimate role in being
compliant to paying their taxes
An analysis of the impact of the exchange rate on export perfomance in Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2019) Amadhila, Orodesia; Mugano, Gift
The purpose of the study was to analyse the effect of the exchange rate on export
performance in Namibia. Furthermore, the researcher was to investigate if there is a
relationship between the exchange rate and export performance. The objectives of the
study were to examine whether there is a long run relationship between real effective
exchange rate and export performance in Namibia, to determine the casual relationship
between real exchange rate and export performance in Namibia as well as to suggest
policies for the mitigation of the impact on the domestic economy. The theories on which
this paper was based are Marshal-Lerner Condition, Exchange Rate Pass-Through and
The Balance of Payments theory. To investigate the existence of a long run relationship
between exchange rate and export performance in Namibia, the Engle-Granger two-step
estimation technique was employed. The technique entails the determination of the long term co-integration relationship through testing for stationarity of the residuals using
Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test. The study revealed that the variable exchange rate
negatively affects export performance and that the coefficient is statistically significant.
From the regression estimation it can be concluded that the theoretical proposition of the
relationship between exchange rate and export performance is confirmed in the case of
Namibia. A currency depreciation results in more exports while a currency appreciation
results in a reduction in exports. Therefore, policy recommendations of the study included
employing strong financial tools to hedge against change in the international market, such
as: Accept the risk and transfer it through pricing, A void or minimise costly commodities,
seek natural hedges and manage the risk through contracts
Analysis of the accuracy of GNSS inferred precipitable water vapour against that from a 210 GHz WVR at the H.E.S.S. site
(Oxford University Press, 2025) Frans, Lott; Backes, Michael; Falcke, Heino; Venturi, Tiziana
The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) site and the Gamsberg Mountain have been identified as potential sites for the Africa Millimetre Telescope (AMT). The AMT is poised to observe at millimetre and possibly at submillimetre wavelengths. At these wavelengths, precipitable water vapour (PWV) in the atmosphere is the main source of opacity during observations and therefore needs to be accurately assessed at the potential sites for the AMT. In order to investigate the PWV conditions for the AMT, identical Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations were installed and used to assess the PWV at the two potential sites. In this study, the accuracy of those PWV measurements by the GNSS stations was assessed by comparing the H.E.S.S. installed GNSS station PWV measurements to that from a 210 GHz Water Vapour Radiometer (WVR) also installed at the H.E.S.S. site. A correlation of 98 per cent and an offset of 0.34 mm was found between the GNSS station and the 210 GHz WVR PWV data when on-site pressure and the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory (NGL) weighted mean temperature (
) were used to calculate the GNSS station PWV data. In comparison, the offset reduces to 0.15 mm when on-site derived
and pressure were used to calculate the GNSS station PWV. The results show that the GNSS station with on-site meteorological data can be used with high accuracy to reliably determine the PWV conditions at the H.E.S.S. site
A comparative analysis of GNSS-inferred precipitable water vapour at the potential sites for the Africa Millimetre Telescope
(Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2025) Frans, Lott; Backes, Michael; Falcke, Heino; Venturi, Tiziana
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a network of antennas across the globe currently used to image supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at a frequency of 230 GHz. Since the release of the image of M87
in 2019 and, subsequently, that of Sgr A
in 2022 by the EHT collaboration, the focus has shifted to dynamically imaging SMBHs. This has led to a search for potential sites to extend and fill in the gaps within the EHT network. The Gamsberg Mountain and the High-Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) site are both located within the Khomas highlands and have been identified as potential sites for the Africa Millimetre Telescope (AMT). Precipitable water vapour (PWV) in the atmosphere is the main source of opacity and noise from atmospheric emissions when observing at millimetre to sub-millimetre wavelengths. This study aims to establish the PWV content and the atmospheric transmission at 86, 230, and 345 GHz at the AMT potential sites using Global Navigation Satellite System derived PWV data. Results show both sites have potential for observations at 86 and 230 GHz, with 345 GHz possible at the Gamsberg Mountain during winter. The overall median PWV of 14.27 and 9.25 mm was calculated at the H.E.S.S. site and the Gamsberg Mountain, respectively. The EHT window had PWV medians of 16.62 and 11.20 mm at the H.E.S.S. site and Gamsberg Mountain, respectively. Among the two sites, the Gamsberg Mountain had the lowest PWV conditions, therefore making it the most suitable site for the AMT
Predicting the feasibility of data collection for disability-related research in Sub-Saharan Africa
(ScienceDirect, 2024) Adigun, Olufemi Timothy
This study presents the findings of an investigation into the feasibility of data collection for disability-related research in sub-Saharan Africa. Three research questions were raised and answered in the study. Data were collected from 164 respondents from 8 countries within the sub-Saharan African region. Five respondents were also purposively selected for a semi-structured interview. The qualitative data collected was thematically analysed while the quantitative data was descriptively and inferentially analysed. Findings in the study revealed the possibility of conducting disability-related research seamlessly within sub-Saharan African countries. However, there are a myriad of challenges that face the conducting of disability-related research in the region. Attitude towards disability had the highest likelihood of predicting the availability and accessibility of data for disability research. The study concluded that societal attitude had a strong influence on the conducting and productivity of disability-related research in sub-Saharan Africa. Valuable recommendations were offered based on the findings
Hearing health in Lesotho: An investigation into knowledge, understanding and attitude towards hearing loss
(Universal Journal of Public Health, 2024) Adigun, Olufemi Timothy; Otekalu, Olumide; Oluji, Chidi Topaz; Tijani, Faisat Adekilekun
This study investigated hearing health in
Lesotho based on the knowledge, understanding and
attitudes of Basotho people in tertiary institutions towards
hearing loss and hearing aid users. The Health Belief
Model framed the study. Data generation in the study was
achieved through a mixed method approach using both a
closed-ended structured questionnaire administered to 272
participants and a semi-structured interview with 6
respondents who were randomly selected from the 272
participants who responded to the closed-ended
questionnaire. Data generated were analysed using
descriptive (frequency count, simple percentage, mean and
standard deviation), and inferential statistics (Chi-square)
at p < 0.05. Also, a thematic analysis was used to analyse
the transcribed semi-structured interviews. The findings
showed that participants had a good understanding and
knowledge of hearing health in relation to the implications
of excessive noise and wax in the ear which may lead to
hearing difficulties, as well as the need for ear checks at
accredited ear clinics/centres; however, they still engage in
risky hearing healthcare behaviours. Participants also had a
higher negative attitude towards hearing loss as a condition
but necessarily towards individuals with hearing loss. An
association was identified between knowledge about
hearing health and hearing in the study. Another
association was recorded between gender and attitude
towards persons with hearing loss and hearing aid users.
Appropriate recommendations were made with respect to
the findings