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(ScienceDirect, 2024) Iilonga, Selma; Hipangwa, Martin
To meet the demands of the 21st-century digital economy and the fourth industrial revolution, dominated as they are by technologies and generation Z users, there is a need to understand the different types of information that people use in everyday life for decision-making. Information users need to develop independent critical thinking and effective use of information and information technology. There is a variety of information sources, and users must have the relevant skills for searching and to ensure discoverability to the full. Therefore, information and digital literacy skills are of paramount importance for the socioeconomic development of a country
Examining the intersections between emotional intelligence and leadership practices in higher education institutions to improve institutional success
(Innovare Journal of Education, 2025) Mbangula, Daniel K.
The purpose of this paper is to look into how emotional intelligence (EI) and leadership practices help to improve higher education
institutions’ success. The paper explored ways in which emotional intelligence can promote resilience and long-term success in
educational settings by looking at how leaders with high EI contribute to institutional success. Furthermore, the paper emphasized how
EI can be used to develop long-term leadership strategies that promote the welfare of faculty, students, and the higher education
community at large. A crucial aspect of leadership practice is EI, which is the capacity of leaders to recognize how their behavior and
feelings impact those around them within the institutions. This study’s results show that emotional intelligence is a crucial and highly
relevant prerequisite for academic leadership practice in higher education institutions.
Furthermore, the study determined that the emotional intelligence qualities most relevant to academic leadership were those linked to
empathy, motivating and directing others, and appropriately handling oneself. Emotional intelligence becomes apparent as a crucial
leadership competency, highlighting how crucial it is for leaders to comprehend and control both their own and others’ emotions. Finally,
there is a constant emphasis on the symbiotic relationship between leadership and a positive school culture, emphasizing the roles that
leaders play in creating cooperative, trustworthy, and ever-improving learning environments. The researcher reviewed the existing
literature based on the research questions. This study employs a systematic review approach by reviewing existing qualitative articles on
intersections between emotional intelligence and leadership practices in higher education institutions to improve institutional success.
Findings were obtained from the reviewed articles by forming themes to make a thorough analysis and draw conclusions
An assessment of how to build a diverse entrepreneurial leadership team
(IGI Global, 2025) Mbangula, Daniel K.
In highlighting the significance of cultivating an inclusive culture for increased
creativity, innovation, and adaptability, this chapter explores the crucial elements
of building a diverse entrepreneurial leadership team. In-depth analysis and insights
into the essential elements and tactics of assembling a diverse entrepreneurial lead ership team are the goals of the chapter. Another goal of this chapter is to provide
organizations that want to embrace diversity and inclusion among their leadership
ranks with useful advice and doable suggestions. Concerns about a lack of knowl edge about the advantages of diversity in entrepreneurial leadership teams may be
covered in this chapter. It will underline how crucial it is to recognize and appreciate
the contributions that different points of view make. Concerns about organizational
culture's resistance to change will be discussed in this chapter.
An assessment on the effect of leadership styles on the employee performance: A case of Namibia Dairies in Namibia
(International Journal of Learning and Development, 2024) Pedro, Rosalina Esperanca; Viola, Unengu; Mbangula, Daniel K.
The paper examines the effect of leadership styles on the employee performance a case of
Namibia dairies. From the study, it was discovered that the type of leadership style that
managers use influences the morale of the employees. This study adopted a qualitative
research approach using a case study design. A case study is a qualitative research method
that allows a deep exploration within a natural context and hence provides a full and through
understanding of the particular and lived experience of a participant. The study has 15
participants who were selected using non-probability sampling method. The results also
highlighted that some of the leadership styles that are used by managers stifles employee
morale thereby affecting the employees’ efficiency in an organisation. The study findings also
indicated that there was significant positive relationship between democratic leadership and
employee performance. The study findings furthermore indicated that there was significant
positive relationship between democratic leadership and employee performance. Whilst the
study results revealed that laissez-faire leadership style and individual performance has a
negative relationship. The study recommends that democratic leadership style should be
encouraged, for the fact that it would further empower their subordinates by developing
teams and accord some measure of responsibility and authority to their employees. Therefore,
workers would ignite their potentials, realize job satisfaction, and execute their tasks
maximally for organization survival
Statistical modelling of the association between dietary diversity, dietary patterns and non-communicable diseases in Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2024) Mbongo, Laina Tulipomwene; Kazembe, Lawrence
Globalization coupled with urbanization has placed a significant pressure on the food systems of
many developing countries. This has led to lifestyle changes that have become one of the most
important influences on dietary patterns. The nutritional transition has affected the dietary pattern
and nutrient intake greatly and has led to a rise in the purchases and consumption of processed and
convenience foods. Analysis in nutritional epidemiology typically examined diseases in relation
to a single or a few nutrients or foods. However, people do not eat isolated nutrients. Instead, they
eat meals consisting of a variety of foods with complex combinations of nutrients. The high degree
of inter-correlation among nutrients as well as among foods makes it difficult to attribute effects
to single dietary components. Dietary patterns can influence health and the risk of developing
chronic conditions. Therefore, to gain full understanding of the relationship between diet and the
development of non-communicable diseases (NCD), it is desirable to use several methodological
approaches.
The main objective of this study was to explore the linkages between dietary patterns, dietary
diversity and prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Specifically, the study aimed at: (i)
applying count models on dietary diversity in Namibia, (ii) using bivariate count modelling
approach in analyzing convenience and non-convenience consumption food preference in
Windhoek, (iii) applying copula joint modelling of food insecurity indicators with application to
food insecurity prevalence (FIP), household dietary diversity score (HDDS) and months of
inadequate household food provisioning (MIHFP), (iv) fitting multiple indicators-multiple-cause
modelling to examine the relationship between foods consumed and non-communicable diseases.
The analysis used two representative survey data, namely the AFSUN-HCP Household Food
Security Baseline Survey (2016) and Namibian Household and Income Expenditure (NHIES) of
2015/2016.
The study focused on dietary diversity by using different count models. The household dietary
diversity score presented a mean score of 6.5, suggesting a moderate diverse diet, with less
consumption of food made from beans/lentils; eggs; fruits/vegetables and more consumption of
starch food. Determinants for household dietary diversity included educational level, sex of head
of household and main source of income (p-value <0.005). The study further used bivariate
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modelling approaches to analyze the food consumption patterns. The results found that, whereas
the consumption of food monthly was more on the non-convenience foods, the purchases of
convenience was frequent on a weekly basis and in multiple food sources. Moreover, the study
employed copula joint modelling of food security indicators. The findings show that AIC of the
untruncated (conditional/marginal) Poisson regression model was lower and thus proved to fit the
data better. The Frank Copula and Bivariate Normal Copula best fitted the data of establishing the
relationship between HFIP and HDDS, and between HFIP and MIHFP respectively. Lastly, we
analyzed multiple indicators-multiple causes examining the relationship between foods consumed
and non-communicable disease. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Structural Equation
Models (SEM) were used as data reduction methods to derive dietary patterns. Fruits, foods such
as condiments/tea/coffee and potatoes, yams, cassava, or any foods made from roots and tubers
accounted for majority of the variation.
The study concluded that the usage of appropriate methods for specific data types is very critical.
Generalized Poisson Regression models through the usage copula approaches are best to analyze
jointly two outcomes in order to test for significant relationships between high-level hierarchical
effects (e.g., random effects). Specifically, the bivariate normal and the Frank Copula were found
to fit the data best. The unique nature of the bivariate normal model is that it does not allow for a
different dependence structure between the outcomes while the frank copula does not have tail
dependence and it can model both positive and negative dependencies as the normal copula. SEM
and PCA’s were used as data reduction methods. Lastly, the study concludes that food and nutrition
insecurity is a major threat to the development of the country and the study recommends for
strengthened advocacy for consumption of healthy and diverse diets in the country in order to slow
down and arrest proliferation of non-communicable diseases
An evaluation of the social and economic impact of Non-Governmental 0rganisations in Namibia: A case study of Katutura youth enterprise centre and women’s action for development
(University of Namibia, 2024) Shililifa, Wycliff; Riruako, Hoze
Since gaining her independence, Namibia has witnessed steady growth in economic
performance, expansion of industries and impressive expansion of social services.
However, there remain wide disparities between income and wealth leading to
extensive hunger and poverty. There has been an explosion of NGO activities aimed
at alleviating poverty and reducing the gap between the poor and the rich, more
importantly, shifting from welfare to sustainable skills development-oriented
programmes directed at marginalised communities. Despite these developments, very
little is known about the overall impact of NGO activities and very few details of
specific project interventions are accessible in the public domain. This study is a meta critical evaluation of the socio-economic impact of the Katutura Youth Enterprise
Centre (KAYEC) and Women Action for Development (WAD) training programmes
on targeted youth in Namibia.
This research unfolded within the context of the realisation that NGOs play a
significant role in enhancing development among the youth in Namibia. A mixed
methodological approach consisting of questionnaires, interviews and document
analysis was employed to determine the effects of KAYEC and WAD training
programmes on beneficiaries’ socio-economic development. The intellectual premise
of this research was buttressed by viewpoints solicited from a sample of 100 students,
comprising 25 participants from each of the four regions selected for this study.
Structured questionnaires were administered with the selected participants, based on
course, gender and age. Interviews were used to understand the impact of the training
programmes as well as the challenges faced by beneficiaries of the KAYEC and WAD
training programmes. The research employed descriptive and regression analysis to
analyse the data.
The results of the study established that KAYEC and WAD vocational and skills
training programmes in bricklaying and plastering, ICT, office administration,
needlework and tailoring contributed significantly to the socio-economic development
of the beneficiaries. Moreover, the study reveals there is a significant improvement in
financial status and improved access to social amenities (public buildings and other
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infrastructural facilities which are shared and become convergence spots for the local
communities) as a result of the beneficiaries’ gainful employment after completing the
training programmes. However, the results show a moderate impact on mechanic and
horticultural skills
The domestic military deployment of the Namibian Defence Force: 1990-2019
(University of Namibia, 2024) Showa, Veronika Nangula; Achu, Check Nicasius
The research focused on the analysis of the military domestic deployment in Namibia
from 1990-2019. The study harnessed insights from the national security approach to
ground the research. The study objectives were to investigate the nature of the deployment
of the Namibian Defence Force (NDF) in internal security operations in Namibia, to
assess the challenges of deployment of the military in internal security operations in
Namibia and to enhance the strategic efficacy of the NDF in their deployment in internal
security operations in Namibia. The researcher used a qualitative approach that was
exploratory by design. Moreover, thirty (30) participants were sampled for this study.
Data was analysed through the thematic approach method. Research findings show that
the nature of the deployment of the NDF in internal security operations in Namibia is
characterised by dealing with National Security Threats, Joint Crime Prevention
Operations and Response to National Disasters. Findings also showed that the challenges
of domestic deployment of the NDF for maintaining and preserving internal security
operations in Namibia include but are not limited to the lack of training, lack of proper
orientation, lack of equipment, lack of clear strategies and tactics as well as limited
budgets. Based on the findings, it is suggesting measures that emergency budgets,
provision of training and civil operations orientation and provision of equipment be
implemented
Exploring pyschological effects of COVID-19 on life skills teachers in Windhoek: Experiences and coping strategies
(University of Namibia, 2024) Gqwede, Nonelwa; Shikongo, A. E. E.
The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted the global education system,
with teachers facing significant challenges. The present study, specifically, explored
life skills teachers’ pandemic experiences, coping strategies, and the psychological
effects on their lives. A mixed-method research design was used to investigate the
psychological effects of COVID19 on life skills teachers in Windhoek, Khomas
Region, Namibia. Data was collected through a semi-structured and online
questionnaire from 17 life skills teachers in Windhoek. Data was analysed using
Google Forms Data Analytics. The findings revealed a significant impact on the
teachers' mental health, with stress, anxiety, and depression being common
experiences.
However, the teachers demonstrated resilience through various coping strategies,
such as seeking social support, practicing self-care, and adopting positive attitudes.
The study further found that teachers used various strategies to cope with the
pandemic, such as personal resources, and organizational assistance as key
influencers on their coping mechanisms. To mitigate the psychological effects of the
pandemic on teachers, it is recommended that schools and policymakers provide
adequate support and resources. This may involve formally promoting self-care
practices, offering access to mental health services, and addressing organizational
factors contributing to stress, anxiety, depression and burnout
Anti-unmanned aerial vehicle detection system for airports: Aviation and national security perspective
(Journal of Transportation Security, 2024) Anghuwo, John Shivute; Imanuel, Peter; Nangolo, Sam Shimakeleni
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles gained significant popularity in the last decade as dem onstrated by their wide usage in various fields. From around the year 2001, the
usage of unmanned aerial vehicles’ technology was mainly confined to law en forcement agencies such as the military, police, and customs. In the contemporary,
terrorists have also been observed to be using unmanned aerial vehicles to attack
aviation facilities. The current paper examines the levels of vulnerability of the
Namibian airports to possible intrusion and attack from unmanned aerial vehicles, a
situation that could pose a serious threat to aviation and national security. Adopting
a qualitative research approach, the study made use of a questionnaire and semi structured interview guide to collect primary data from the participants. Microsoft
Excel was used to analyse the data. The study establishes that Namibian airports
are prone to attacks from unmanned aerial vehicles as there are no anti-unmanned
aerial vehicle detection systems installed at all airports in the country. Thus, there is
clear evidence that the Namibia Civil Aviation Authority and the Namibian Airport
Company’s regulations and policies on aviation safety and security did not prioritise
the installation of anti-unmanned aerial vehicle detection systems at all airports in
Namibia. The paper suggests that, in order to enhance aviation safety and security,
a joint civil/military Information Technology Unit, responsible for spoofing, detec tion, and the monitoring of illicit unmanned aerial vehicle operations should be
set up and operations activated at all airports and other public infrastructures in
Namibia
An interpretive analysis of Namibian education policy and its link to citizenship education: A reflection on my doctoral encounters
(Taylor and Francis group, 2024) Shikukumwa, Tadeus
This book chapter presents the doctoral adventure and the influence of democratic citizenship education with a special focus on Namibian education policy. The journey comprised an interpretive study concerning Namibian education policy and its link to citizenship education. The primary intention on this doctoral journey was to present his discovery and understanding of the role of the new Namibian education policy, the National Curriculum for Basic Education 2015, in the development of democratic citizenship education. Furthermore, in this chapter, it reflects on strategies that are in place to ensure that learners in Namibia have access to democratic education. Moreover, the intent to reveal how the new Namibian education policy (i.e. the National Curriculum for Basic Education, 2015) contributes to democratic citizenship education. In addition, it aimed to discuss whether the new education policy would be effective in enhancing educational transformation in Namibia. In addition, a pragmatist interpretivist approach was used to conceptualise the progressive or transformative education that the new curriculum seeks to introduce