UNAM Gā-aisib Repository

The UNAM Gā-aisib Repository serves as a central platform to preserve and showcase the university's scholarly output.

Gā-aisib, a term from the local Khoekhoegowab language meaning “wisdom".
 

Recent Submissions

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The evaluation on the trend of existence of unauthorized expenditures in central government of Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2020) Dax, Hedwig Marine; Pazvakawambwa Lillian
Unauthorised expenditures have been a common dilemma occurring in the central government ofNamibia and other countries. The objective of this study was to examine the trends of unauthorised expenditure, determine the root causes, and propose strategies to reduce this unauthorised expenditure. Unauthorised expenditure patterns by 0 /M/ As were evaluated using descriptive statistics in the form of charts and tables. Trend analysis was based on Auditor-General reports for the period of 2004-2014. Qualitative content analysis included establishment of causes of unauthorized expenditure; controlling and monitoring mechanisms; awareness of policies and regulations and current fmancial systems in use. The study revealed that the unauthorised expenditures were occurring because of non compliance with existing and used acts, policies, laws, rules and regulations. Unauthorised expenditures were caused by dishonesty and disrespectfulness towards the usage of these acts, policies, laws, rules and regulations. Existing acts, policies, laws, rules and regulations should be renewed, amended or else the government introduces other regulations. This could be done through migrating from the existing fmancial framework which is the State Finance Act, 1991 (Act 31 of 1991) with its regulations. Honesty, transparency and accountability should be practiced and promoted in the development and disclosure of financials to make them easier and user friendly. In addition the internal controls already in existence surrounding these unauthorised expenditures need to be adhered to, namely: Virementation, whereby underspending (savings) should be utilised fully to diminish overspending (unauthorised expenditures) in support of proper planning and financial management. It further recommends each 0 /M/ A to develop a monitoring and evaluation policy framework and regularly carry out monitoring and evaluation on financial systems and books
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Data analysis of Markarian 421 observed by the high energy stereoscopic system (H.E.S.S.) in January 2017
(University of Namibia, 2021) Nanghonga, Tauno Tuhafeni Kamudulunge; Backes, M
The investigation of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) is one of the most important areas of contemporary astrophysics. In general, the term AGN refers to the existence of energetic phenomena in the nucleus (central region) of a galaxy which cannot be attributed to the stars in that galaxy. Blazars are AGN that are viewed from Earth head on, and that exhibits extra-ordinary large variability on time scales sometimes less than hours, often displaying highly irregular and flare-like behavior. Among blazars detected at very-high energies, Markarian 421 is one of the brightest and best studied. It was detected by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) in January 2017 during a flaring state. H.E.S.S. is a y-ray astronomy array of telescopes, located in Namibia, near the Gamsberg mountain, an area known for its excellent astronomical observational conditions. The observational data from the H.E.S.S. experiment was used in this case to obtain and explain the light curve and the energy spectrum for the seven data sets recorded in January 2017. With the Model++ (also called Paris Analysis) standard cuts analysis, an excess of 115.5 y rays, for Nan = 122 on-source and Naff = 108 off-source events are detected at the 19.9cr significance level. We have observed that the energy spectrum, can be well described by a power-law with spectral index 3.22± 0.27 decreasing in flux as the energy increases. Fitting the observed Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) with a power-law with exponential cut-off is observed to have the spectral index 0.80 ± 1.61 with the exponential cut at 2.53 ± 1.70 TeV photon energy. As for the light curves (the radiation flux as a function oftime), the scarcity ofthe data could not reveal any meaningful variability pattern to be deduced from these January 2017 observations
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An investigation into the effects of reward practices on job satisfaction and employee performance in Namibia Post Office
(University of Namibia, 2021) Damases, Faith Vivian Fritzlyn; Acha-Anyi Paul Nkemngu
The study investigates the effects of reward practices on job satisfaction and employee performance in the Namibia Post Office (NamPost). More specifically, the study aims to determine whether employees are motivated and satisfied with current reward practices. The company has failed to keep up with new rewards systems and the company also has a high labour turnover. Emphasis is put on reward systems and types of rewards, Maslow's (Hierarchy of needs), Herzberg's Two Factor Theory, Vroom's Expectancy theory, Equity Theory, the Goal Setting Theory and Effort Reward Imbalance. This study was quantitative in nature with the descriptive research design. Disproportionate stratified sampling was used to draw a sample of 80 respondents for the study in categories of clerical, Supervisory and Specialist. The quantitative research falls short of explanations or expressions of respondents and therefore might fail to be conclusive as it might lack certain information. Sampling method may lead to selection of employees that might fail to understand the concept as it requires some appreciation of the concept to answer accordingly. A self-developed questionnaire with structured questions was administered to respondents The study used SPSS as the analysis software and the descriptive statistics and Pearson's cmTelation analysis, Chi-square goodness of fit tests and ANOVA were used to analyze the data and test the relationship between the variables. The findings indicated that reward system contributes to job satisfaction and employee performance. The study urges the organization to improve on the reward system in order to improve on its employee job satisfaction and performance
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An investigation into inventory management sytems' efficiency for production improvement at Navachab Gold Mine
(University of Namibia, 2022) Kalipi, Taleingenawa E; Gilika, Mpho
The study focused on the inventory management sy tems' effi ciency fo r production improvement at Navachab Go ld Mine. The study was guided by the fo llowing obj ective · to investigate factors that contribute to high non-moving inventory, factor contributing to understock and overstocking and factors contributing to high expiry and ob olete inventory at Navachab Gold Mine.The research used a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach using quantitative and qualitative research methodology. By u e of simple random sampling, 97 respondents from Ore Processing, Engineering, Human Resources Management and Procurement department were selected. The study u ed both closed and open ended questionnaire to collect data. The findings of the study revea led that Navachab Gold Mine orders its stock depending on the demand from end u er and their fo recasting of inventory levels. The fi ndings also showed that Navachab Go ld Mine makes use of the speculative purchasing policy when making order from upplier . Navachab Gold Mine has a strong data center fo r it tock such as receipts, invoice which help in keeping record of all the relevant price o a to carry out a stock va luation. Navachab Gold Mine al o does quarterly stocktaking and inventory tracking. Ba ing on the findings the inventory management ystem at Navachab Go ld Mine is ffective, however a few factor including end user ' demand and foreca ti ng on inventory I el , management styles, procurement staff competency, hinder inventory managem nt activities and hence production at Navachab Go ld Mine. It can therefore be concluded that inventory management systems' effi ciencies are interrelated to production performance of an organization. From the fi ndings, it was evident that proper inventory managem nt y tems could lead to efficiency and effectivene in both production and organizationa l ervice delivery by avoid ing over tocking and under t eking, havi ng the right tock at the right time and in the right quantity, Navachab old Mi ne can improve it in ent r management by fo llowing the recommendation gi en
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Strategies to ensure compliance with provisions of the Income Tax Act at the Inland Revenue Regional Office in Walvis Bay
(University of Namibia, 2020) Sibeya, Richel Nalishebo; Sharma KR
This study focused on the strategies to ensure tax compliance at the Inland Revenue office in Walvis Bay. The main objective of this study was to investigate what are the strategies to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act in Namibia, taking the Regional Office of IRD at Walvis Bay as a case. The sub objectives were to: to critically ana lyse the current status of compliance by tax payers with the provisions of the Income tax laws and the problems faced; to identify the factors hampering tax com pliance, to determine the effectiveness of different measures in the context of tax compliance and to come up with strategies for dealing with the problems and issues encountered. Primary data was collected from the Walvis Bay individual taxpayers within the tax bracket of 18% by means of questionnaires and by interviewing the executives. Secondary data was collected from the reports of the Ministry of Finance and other documents that provided information on factors hampering tax compliance, status of individual taxpayers' compliance and strategies used by the authorities of the IRD to ensure tax compliance. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), was used to create frequencies that were used to generate descriptive statistics in the form of pie charts, graphs and tables for data analysis and presentation to simplify the results and support the findings. The majority of respondents (73%) pointed out that much needs to be completed in order to advance the administration of tax matters to enhance and ensure tax compliance by individual taxpayers at the Walvis Bay regional office. The effectiveness of the tax compliance system arisen as main concern as highlighted by 63% of the respondents. The sentiment was that the IRD office need to focus on improving the strategies in place in order to enhance and ensure tax compliance by individual taxpayers w ith the provisions of the Income Tax Act. carrying out audits and T ime ly, accurate disclosure of tax information to taxpayers needs to be improved. The major recommendation from this study was to urge the management at IRD Walvis Bay office to revisit their strategic processes to ensure tax compliance of the individual tax payers with the provisions of the Income Tax Act
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An investigation into factors affecting strategy implementation at the Namibia Students Financial Assistance Fund
(University of Namibia, 2021) Mwiya, Chris; Matipira, Lovemore
This thesis investigates factors affecting strategy implementation at the Namibia Students Financial Assistance Fund. The study used qualitative methods to collect the data. The primary data was gathered through interviews, using a semi-structured interview guide with staff members at different levels. Field research was undertaken with a sample size of 30 people selected using stratified sampling. The researcher used Excel to do the content analysis by analysing responses from interviewees through coded responses and consolidated them into themes. The major outcome of the study concludes that the Fund faces numerous factors affecting strategy implementation. Namely: Leadership directive, Communication, Guidance from human resources management, Process/system and Technology, Organisational Culture, Organisational structure, Organisational resources, Performance management system and Control and monitoring. The same factors affecting strategy implementation have been harnessed under the challenges faced by NSF AF in strategy implementation. It is recommended that there was a need to improve the executive management that has been perceived as the most important driver for strategy implementation. Therefore, it should manage other factors listed in this study and take a stronghold on the strategy opted for effective strategy implementation. This would help to steer the Fund in the direction set out in attaining organisational goals and objectives
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An investigation into factors contributing to urban land shortage in Windhoek, Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2021) Hishitelwa, Tuhafeni Shanyengange Dasilva; Gilika, Mpho Monica
The main aim of this thesis was to investigate factors that contributes to the shortage of urban land in Windhoek and its implications on housing prices and affordability. Windhoek has been faced with a problem of slow delivery and servicing of urban land, resulting in the gap between demand and supply widening drastically, resulting in massive urbanisation, and increased demand for land. This research comprises a mixed method (quantitative & qualitative). A convenience sampling technique was used to sample study participants. Data was collected using questionnaires, observations, and interviews to investigate the availability of urban land in Windhoek, factors that led to urban land shortage and the implications these factors have on the housing prices and affordability. The study found that, there is indeed shortage or urban land at the city of Windhoek. The City of Windhoek is faced with the shortage of developable land, lack of technical capacity, limited financial resources embedded with cumbersome procedures in the process of preparation and approval of detailed plans as prepared by land experts has been a catalyst for the low capacity of the municipality in allocating land. The study also established that low-income earners are faced with serious challenges in acquiring a dwelling due to high prices in purchasing land, high interest rates on mortgage bonds to income and collateral requirements of financial institutions and serviced land in Windhoek benefits only higher-income earners. The study also proved that shortage of urban land has contributed to high prices as the City of Windhoek continues to auction off land that is not affordable for low-income earners. The study recommended that, existing policies on land allocation be reviewed, such as the Deeds Office Act of 1937. Land delivery and servicing models needs to be reformed, and the study ft.rrther recommends that the City of Windhoek needs technical and financial capacity to faci litate provision of effective and efficient services of providing land for housing
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Exploring the role of board diversity in reducing the agency problem and strengthening firm value: A case study of Namport
(University of Namibia, 2021) Pamburai, Place; Kaupa, Stewart Peter
Corporate governance plays a significant role in every organisation. One notes that, corporate governance is a way in which an organisation is governed, the manner in which management is controlled, the way in which organisational goals are set so as to ultimately attain the set objectives. Corporate governance is perpetuated through the interaction between various participants who aid in the effective crafting of the organisation's performance. This interaction is only successful if there is good communication between shareholders and managers, so that effective communication pertaining the success of the organisation and governance of the organisation's various resources can be effectively safeguarded. Henceforth, this study determined the effectiveness of board diversity in reducing the agency problem and strengthening firm value at NamPort. A mixed methods approach was used in the study. The respondents were sampled from a population of the board members, the management and government officials. The study analysed the data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and the key findings from this study reveal that it is apparent that board diversity plays a pivotal role in the crafting and execution of corporate governance of any organisation as it entails the enrichment of the make-up and composition of a board which in turn enables effective execution of roles and responsibilities of the organisation as a whole. The outcome of this study shows that, board diversity does not play a major role in reducing the agency problem and strengthening firm value at NamPort. Furthermore, the study established that there is a desperate need to implement diversity in the board in order to reduce the agency problem and strengthen firm value. In addition, the study concluded that the main challenges to principally implement corporate governance are mainly transparency and fairness, as was indicated by the participants of this study. Board transparency helps in alleviating the agency problem in general. A board that exercises transparency in its duties gains trust from the shareholders and employees at large. The study recommended training and development should become a priority, it emerged from the study that there is a lack of knowledge and skills to effectively manage and execute corporate governance in the organisation. Drawing lessons from other successful countries that have championed diversification of their board structures thereby strengthening firm value and effective corporate governance
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Investigating the influence of the performance management system on employees' productivity at Namibia Training Authority
(University of Namibia, 2021) Pohamba, Sackeus Tuhafeni; Atiku, Sulaiman Olusegun
The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of the performance management system on employee productivity at Namibia Training Authority (NTA). The specific study objectives were, firstly to investigate the effects of performance planning on employees' productivity; secondly to examine the influence of performance appraisal on employees' productivity; thirdly, to investigate the relationship between performance feedback and employees' productivity; and fourthly, to examine the influence of performance improvement on employees' productivity. A descriptive research design, utilising a quantitative approach with regards to the impact of the performance management system on employee productivity was adopted for this study. The explanatory variables consisted of performance planning, performance appraisal, performance feedback and performance improvement and their effects on employee productivity. A sample size of 220 participants from a target population of 537 members through random sampling was selected and used. A google form questionnaire was utilised to gather data, and with the aid of SPSS, results obtained were processed and presented in the form of pie charts, bar graphs and tables. Under performance planning, the study revealed that the majority of participants (59%) strongly agreed that the inclusion of staff contributes positively to performance as well as that planning encourages the commitment and understanding of the set goals and objectives (51% of the participants agreed). A few participants (20%) were not sure of whether or not long and short term planning was the best for NT A. With regards to performance appraisal, the study established that performance appraisal influences positively individual performance ( 40.5%), performance appraisal is valuable to the performance of the organisation (45.9%) and that performance appraisal makes employees to work harder than expected (38.2%). Results showed that performance feedback and performance improvement positively impacted hugely on employee productivity. The regression analysis conducted revealed that all the four independent variables had a statistically significant impact on employee productivity (p<0.05) and that they caused a 93.6% variation on employee productivity. The study concluded that without proper performance planning, appraisal, feedback and improvement, chances of high employee productivity were low. Recommendations made were that performance planning should involve the staff in order to enhance their understanding of their duties. Performance reviews should also be centred on the commitl;Ilents of the individual employees to meet the organisational objectives and that performance feedback should be fair, unbiased and adequate to all employees
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An examination of barriers in transitioning from informal to formal business sector in Windhoek (Namibia)
(University of Namibia, 2022) Jeomba, Jefta; Ziramba, E
The study examined the barriers in transitioning from the informal to the formal business sectors in Windhoek (Namibia). The statistics in Namibia indicate that there are several informal businesses in Namibia that have the potential to boost the economy. However, the transition of these informal businesses to formal businesses is not satisfactory. Thus, the study was carried out to examine barriers contributing to this slow formalization of informal businesses. The study was premised in the pragmatic research paradigm and followed the mixed methods approach. The mixed methods approach was used to draw upon beliefs, views and experiences of informal entrepreneurs on the barriers in transitioning from the informal to the formal business sectors in Windhoek. A sample of 40 businesses was drawn from five business categories. Convenience sampling technique was employed to select 40 participants who were administered with the questionnaires, which contained both close-ended and open-ended questions. Quantitative data collected from the section of the questionnaire which had close ended questions was analyzed through descriptive analysis and the frequency graphs, charts and tables were used to present the data. Qualitative data collected through the section of the questionnaire which had open ended questions was analysed thematically. The findings of the study indicated that advancements in technology challenges and lack of capital funding from banks and the government are the major barriers for the transitioning of the informal businesses to formal businesses. The study concluded that for business to be formalized, they need information, government support and sufficient technological advancement to assist them in transitioning. The study recommends that the government needs to consider the informal sector as fundamental part of its economy and come up with some solutions to integrate it into the main national economic programs, to facilitate the transition to formal sector, which will result in a high contribution to the country's GDP