UNAM Gā-aisib Repository

The UNAM Gā-aisib Repository serves as a central platform to preserve and showcase the university's scholalry output.

Gā-aisib, a term from the local Khoekhoegowab language meaning “wisdom".
 

Recent Submissions

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An investigation of the relationship between effective employee engagement and performance of Zambezi Regional Council
(University of Namibia, 2018) Maloboka, Riscoh Muswabile
Human resources are one of the most critical success factors of any organization or institution. Having employees feeling that they are part of the organization’s big family can motivate them to perform their duties exceptionally well and in the long run make an organization more competitive. The performance of an employee is linked to the performance of the organization in the sense that if employees do not perform their duties diligently, the performance of the organization will also suffer, and consequently the organization will perform poorly. This study investigated the relationship between effective employee engagement and the performance of Zambezi Regional Council. The study used a random sampling technic to select the sample. A structured questionnaire was used in gathering data. A response rate of 92.5% was recorded. The data collected was recorded, coded and presented in Microsoft Excel. The collected data was presented by way of various graphs such as pie charts, bar graphs and line graphs. The main research finding was that most employees are not engaged fully in their work due to various reasons contained in this document and thereby impacting the organizational ultimate performance
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Risks profile of natural hazards and selected diseases in Namibia
(The Risk Profiling Project, 2024) Hipondoka, Martin; Hamunyela, Eliakim
The occurrence and effects of natural disasters and infectious diseases in Namibia are diverse and vary in different areas, indicating the varying levels of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptability within the Namibian society. The diverse and pervasive occurrence of these disasters are costly to the country when dealt with in a non-holistic manner. Consequently, Namibia promulgated a disaster risk management law, the Disaster Risk Management Act 10 of 2012, to provide a legal framework for managing disaster risks in the country. This legal instrument provided the necessary framework for facilitating the nation’s transition from disaster management to risk management and focus on resilience-building, which aligns with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. However, a comprehensive understanding of disaster risk for various hazards in the country was lacking. The Government of the Republic of Namibia, through the Office of the Prime Minister, commissioned this study to profile the disaster risks of pertinent natural hazards and selected diseases countrywide at the level of Population Enumeration Area, the lowest possible spatial scale in the country. The study profiled the vulnerability and risk of nine natural hazards (drought, flood, heatwave, wildfire, sea level rise, frost, earthquakes, windstorms and lightning) and five diseases (malaria, HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, foot and mouth disease and diarrhoea). As the profile shows, there is not a single place in Namibia which is risk-free from all 14 hazards analysed in this profile. There are, however, areas that are free from some risks such as malaria, wildfire, foot and mouth disease, and sea level rise. At the same time, there is not a single place in Namibia which is at high risk of all 14 hazards. The profiled risks are spatially differentiated. Nevertheless, there are areas with high or very high risk levels for multiple disaster risks. In the Zambezi Region, for example, there are areas compounded with a high or very high risk of floods, malaria, diarrhoea, and foot and mouth disease. The south eastern part of the //Kharas Region is concurrently under high or very high risk of heatwaves, frost and earthquakes. This speaks to the need for resilience building efforts to be risk-holistic and area-specific, to reduce vulnerability and disaster risk of the communities and infrastructure. Thus, this profile has established the baseline information necessary for Namibia to move from managing natural disasters and leverage the mechanism for disaster risk reduction in accordance with the Sendai Framework. However, there is a need to integrate disaster risk maps in the planning processes at all levels of government and across all sectors to reduce the impacts of natural hazards on society. For this integration to be effective, it is imperative to develop an integrated and spatially-enabled data management system for storing data on hazards, risks, vulnerabilities, impacts and interventions to support resilience-building efforts. This data management system should be accompanied by mandatory and standardised annual reporting of all hazards and their impacts to ensure that resilience-building efforts are evidence-based
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Barriers to the provision of smoking cessation intervention/services: A mixed-methods study among health care workers in Zambezi region, Namibia
(Journal of Public Health in Africa 2023, 2023) Mahoto, Silvia K.; Mitonga, Kabwebwe H.; Oladimeji, O.
Over the past few years, several surveys have been conducted regarding smoking in Namibia; 9,10,15–19 however, there has been lack of information on the barriers towards the provision of SC intervention in Zambezi region, therefore increasing the challenges associated with developing prevention interventions. Knowledge of the barriers towards the provision of SC intervention would be essential in the design and implementation of SC strategies. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to contribute to knowl edge gaps on the identification of barriers which prevent HCWs from delivering SC therapy and treatment to patients in Zambezi region, Namibia. To our knowledge, this is the only study explor ing the barriers that prevent HCWs in Zambezi region from engag ing in SC with patients. The study outcomes presented an understanding of the regular perceived barriers that prevent HCWs in Zambezi from delivering SC intervention to their patients who smoke. The main outcomes of this study were divided into three separate categories namely; structural, healthcare workers and patient-based barriers.
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Prevalence and risk factors of smoking among healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers in Zambezi region, Namibia: A cross-sectional study
(Southern African Journal of Public Health, 2021) Mahoto, Silvia K.; Mitonga, Kabwebwe H.; Oladimeji, O.
Background. Smoking is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases, and remains a significant public health challenge in many low- and middle-income countries, including Namibia. Objective. To estimate the prevalence of smoking and its associated risk factors among healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-HCWs in Zambezi region, Namibia. Methods. An exploratory cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and October 2020 among residents of the eight constituencies of Zambezi region. A total of 461 respondents who had been residents of the selected constituencies for over 5 years and were aged between 17 and 60 years were selected for the study. The main outcome measure was current cigarette smoking status. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents. We stratified data analysis according to whether individuals were health workers or non-health workers. A bivariate Pearson χ2 test was used to determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics and smoking status. Statistically significant variables in the bivariate analysis were used as predictors in the univariate and multivariate models. Results. The response rate of potential participants was 95% (n=434). The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 32.5 (11.34) years. Significant relationships were observed between smoking status and area of residency (constituency), gender, age category, level of education, age of onset of smoking and daily smoking frequency. The majority of smokers (n=108) were non-HCWs, with males the majority (n=62). Age (p=0.001), education levels (p=0.001) and area of residency (p=0.022) were highly associated with smoking among non-HCWs, while marital status was associated with smoking among HCWs (p=0.013). In the final multivariate model, the odds of smoking among female non-HCWs were significantly lower (odds ration (OR) 0.386; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.228 - 0.655). Furthermore, the odds of smoking among this same group were lower among those who had secondary-level education (OR 0.178; 95% CI 0.0659 - 0.483), post-secondary (OR 0.117; 95% CI 0.0412 - 0.330) and first-stage tertiary (OR 0.306; 95% CI 0.106 - 0.881) compared with those who had primary school education. Conclusion. The smoking prevalence among non-HCWs and HCWs working in Zambezi included in the study was similar to that of the general Namibian population, but higher than that in neighbouring countries within the Southern African Development Community. The results showed a need for the establishment of specific smoking-related strategies that target HCWs to address smoking use parallel to the running strategies of non-HCWs, which would ultimately decrease smoking prevalence and improve health.
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An analysis of relationship between research, innovation, and teaching in higher education in readiness for the 4IR
(University of Namibia, 2023-11-26) Mbangula, Daniel K.
The presentation is about the relationship between research, innovation, and teaching in higher education in preparation for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR).
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Evaluation of the Moringa oleifera leaf meal effects on milk yield, milk quality and the helminthic load of saanen dairy goats in rangeland conditions at Neudamm farm
(University of Namibia, 2024) Shea, Immanuel Mayday Kauluma
Capra aegarus hircus (Goats) are popular small ruminants kept mainly for meat and milk. Over time, goat milk became popular and a substitute for cow milk. Researchers have focused their studies on alternative and cheaper methods of increasing milk yield, milk quality and improved animal health. This study aimed to assess the effects of Moringa oleifera inclusion in the diet of Saanen dairy goats on their milk yield and quality as well as the reduction of gastrointestinal parasite egg load. The study used a 3x3 Crossover Latin square Design to determine the effects of 0g, 10g and 30g/day Moringa oleifera leaf meal on the milk yield and quality whilst a completely randomised design was used to determine the effects on the parasite egg load. The evaluation of milk yield was done by hand milking the goats daily, whereas milk quality was conducted using a Lactoscan SP. The parasite egg load was assessed using the quantitative faecal flotation method complemented by the McMaster Egg Counting Technique. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS®) version 27 (IBM, 2020) software was used for data analysis. Milk yield and quality data were analysed using the General linear model and the parasitic egg counts were analysed using the generalised linear model (Poisson regression model). The comparison of means was done using Duncan’s new multiple range test at P<0.05 significance. The goat milk yields significantly differed at P<0.05 in the first period at 3.178 kg/day (30 days) and the yield reduced in the second at 2.848kg/day and 2.831kg/day for the third period (30 to 90 days of the trial). The moringa supplement had no significant effect on the goat milk yield. The treatment did not affect the milk fat, non-fat solids, density, protein, lactose, added water, temperature, freezing point, salts, total solids or pH of the goat milk. The gastrointestinal parasite egg load assessment found the presence of three genera; Strongyloides, Moniezia and Coccidia. The study treatment levels of 10g and 30g of moringa leaf meal/day were effective in the reduction of the egg loads. In conclusion, the study findings showed no positive response in the milk yield and milk quality for the treatment levels of 10g and 30g/day, however, a positive response of parasites to moringa leaf meal was observed due to the reduction of parasitic egg load with 10g and 30g/day treatments. The results from this study show that moringa leaf meal could be used in Saanen dairy goats in the reduction of gastrointestinal helminths. This study would recommend the use of 10g/day moringa leaf meal supplementation for dairy goats for ecological management of gastrointestinal tract parasites.
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Children's world survey Khomas region - 2018
(University of Namibia, 2021) Ruiz-Casares, Mónica; Gentz, Shelene
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Children’s worlds national report: Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2019-11) Ruiz-Casares, Mónica; Gentz, Shelene
This document is the national report for Namibia from the children's worlds project, providing an overview of the survey results conducted in the Khomas region of Namibia in July 2018.
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An evaluation of financial management practices in tier 3 state owned enterprises in Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2022) Veroonika, Petrus
The success or failure of any organisation whether public or private is reckoned on the governance and effectiveness of its financial management practices. Moreover, financial management practices have an impact on a broad range of areas within an organisation, including, aggregate financial management, operations management, governance and fiduciary risk management. Consequently, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the financial management practices in Tier 3 SOEs in Namibia. Specifically, the study investigated the current financial management practices adopted by Tier 3 SOEs in Namibia and to determine their effects as well as to identify the challenges regarding the implementation of financial management practices. The study employed a descriptive survey research design to collect the data on financial management practices from the CEOs, Accountants and Financial Directors/Managers (FD/Ms) of Tier 3 Namibian SOEs. Semi - structured questionnaires were used to collect the primary data and all data was entered and analysed using SPSS v.26. Descriptive analysis was done and the results were presented in tables, figures and charts. The findings show that, financial planning and control, reporting and analysis of financial, working capital management and capital structures management practice are current financial management practices adopted by Tier 3 SOEs in Namibia. Companies have good financial performance. Lack of advanced knowledge and skills was one of the challenges experienced in the implementation of financial management practices in the SOEs. Failure to fill vacant positions and lack of support from leadership (management) were also identified as challenges that hinder the implementation of the financial management practices. Therefore, the study recommends that the managers in SOEs should highly prioritise financial management practices during the formulation of their organisation's strategies to enhance transparency, accountability and consistency in financial operations. Finally, the study also recommends that regulatory bodies should formulate appropriate policies and regulations which would facilitate the implementation of financial management practices in companies.
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An analysis of factors influencing the financial performance of Namibian fuel stations in Helao-Nafidi town
(University of Namibia, 2023) Mirjam, Wilka Kuhatumwa
This study sought to analyse factors that have an impact on the financial performance of fuel stations at the Helao Nafidi town in the Ohangwena region, in terms of risk management, high fuel prices, the pandemic (COVID-19, logistic management (stock arrival) and the role of government in mitigating losses of financial performance. This study used explanatory sequential research design. It adopted a mixed methodology approach in which data was collected using a questionnaire for the quantitative part and for the qualitative part, an interview guide was used. To achieve this, the study used multiple regression analysis, based on a sample size of 32 participants and the results reveal positive impacts of risk management and stock arrival on business performance while high fuel prices and pandemics reveal negative impacts on business performance for fuel stations at the Helao Nafidi town in the Ohangwena region. Moreover, the study followed up on these findings qualitatively to explore the role that the government can play to mitigate business performance losses for the fuel stations due to pandemics, which go hand in hand with high fuel prices using reflective thematic analysis in NVivo. This analysis was based on the data collected from 12 interviewees using an interview guide and results revealed two themes, each with two codes. The first theme was on controlling the rivalry with two codes as oil/fuel smuggling control and the protection of the borders. The second theme was selfreliance that is associated with two codes as own oil discovery and giving subsidies. Thus, the study applied an explanatory sequential research design. Lastly, qualitative findings serve as policy recommendations while in terms of directions for future studies, the study suggests future research focus on other regions that are not severely affected by oil/fuel smuggling in Namibia from Angola, as well as to assessing the impact of the pandemic on business performance for companies in other sectors. Keywords: Business performance, risk management, high fuel prices, COVID-19 pandemic, multiple regression analysis, reflective thematic analysis