Research Articles (DE)

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Browsing Research Articles (DE) by Author "Grynberg, Roman"

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    Illicit financial flows, theft and gold smuggling in Africa
    (2019) Grynberg, Roman; Nyambe, Jacob M.; Singopo, Fwasa
    The article reviews recent research and controversies surrounding the quantification of illicit financial flows (IFF) in the gold mining sector in Africa. It is argued that the methodology and data used in the quantification of the most frequently analysed technique, i.e., export undervaluation, is flawed not only because of the recognized weakness of the international trade data, but also because it focuses only on one aspect of IFF, and does not attempt to address issues pertaining to actual under measurement or misspecification of volumes. It is argued that estimates of tax evasion activities can only be determined through forensic economic and accounting techniques, and not through macro-economic or trade data. The last section considers the increased evidence of gold smuggling to the UAE from various African countries, some of which produce no gold of any significance, but appear to export in very large volumes; and at unit import values well below world market prices.
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    Trade and smuggling of African gold to UAE: The cases of Libya and Sudan
    (2019) Grynberg, Roman; Nyambe, Jacob M.; Singopo, Fwasa
    The paper examines the trade in gold from two African countries, Libya and Sudan which are according to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) import figures, the two largest gold exporters to the UAE from the African conAnent. In the case of the former almost no gold is mined in Libya and yet it is reported to have exported 81 tonnes in 2016 and Sudan which is the second or third largest gold producer on the conAnent, reportedly exports gold to the UAE, based on 2016 prices at the lowest price of any African gold exporAng country. The paper also considers the role of the UAE in the global gold trade and the need for improved compliance with minimum standards to assure that conflict gold does not find a ready market in Dubai.