Browsing by Author "Salomo, Salomo"

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    Experiences of men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the four northern regions Namibia
    (2016) Salomo, Salomo; Amukugo, Hans J.; Pretorius, Louise
    This article is aimed at describing the lived experiences of men diagnosed and living with prostate cancer in the four northern regions. A phenomenological, explorative and descriptive design was followed as the basis for conducting the study. The above mentioned research design was achieved through individual in-depth interviews conducted with men diagnosed and living with prostate cancer in the Intermediate Hospital that serves as a referral hospital for cancer patients from all the four northern regions. A sample of ten (10) men, diagnosed and living with prostate cancer, from a population comprised of men between the ages of 39 - 95 was selected using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. This sample size was determined by saturation of data as reflected in repeating themes. Ethical clearance was received from an ethical review committee prior to the conduct of the study. Individual in-depth interviews and field notes were used as a method of data collection. During the interviews, participants were asked one question namely; “What is your experience after being diagnosed with prostate cancer?” Communication skills were employed to encourage participants to verbalize their lived experiences after being diagnosed with prostate cancer. A tape recorder was used to collect data and was transcribed verbatim. Data collected was analyzed in line with Tesch’s eight steps in the coding process. The researcher and an independent qualitative research expert carried out coding. Four themes emerged from the results of the study. It became evident that men diagnosed and living with prostate cancer had different experiences after being diagnosed that resulted in physical discomfort and psychological changes in their bodies. It was recommended that more emphasis should be put on supportive care towards men diagnosed with the disease. Individualized approaches to help men address their thoughts and feelings after being diagnosed with prostate cancer should be considered, as well as the incorporation of strategies that help men to be more effective at obtaining social support.
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    Experiences of men diagnosed with Prostate cancer in the four northern regions of Namibia
    (University of Namibia, 2015) Salomo, Salomo
    Men diagnosed with prostate cancer have different experiences and express different emotions regarding their diagnosis. In daily conversations, some patients revealed that they were totally surprised by the diagnosis, others expressed that they were in denial, while some anticipated their diagnosis. As a result, a qualitative study aimed at exploring and describing the experiences of men diagnosed with prostate cancer was carried out in the four northern regions: Oshana, Ohangwena, Omusati and Oshikoto. A phenomenological, explorative and descriptive design was followed as the basis for conducting the study. The data was collected through in-depth interviews conducted at an intermediate hospital in the northern part of the country. A sample of ten (10) men diagnosed and living with prostate cancer was selected using a purposive sampling technique. The sample size was determined by saturation of data as reflected in repeating themes. Rich data on participants’ experiences with prostate cancer after being diagnosed was obtained through individual interviews. During these interviews, participants were asked only one central question: “What is your experience with prostate cancer after being diagnosed?” Interviews were tape recorded and field notes were taken during the interview to ensure that all experiences of the participants were captured. Communication skills were employed to encourage participants to verbalize their experiences regarding prostate cancer. Interview data was transcribed verbatim. The data was analysed according to Tesch’s eight steps of coding. The steps entail a process of breaking down, examining, comparing and categorizing the raw data. The researcher and an independent qualitative research expert carried out the coding. Four (4) themes emerged and form the study’s results. Measures to ensure trustworthiness, as proposed by Polit & Beck (2012), were used to ensure reliable and valid findings. It became evident that men diagnosed and living with prostate cancer had different experiences after their diagnoses, some experienced physical discomfort and physiological changes in their bodies. It was recommended that more emphasis should be put on supportive care towards men diagnosed with prostate cancer to reduce the burden of various experiences after being diagnosed with the disease. Community-based health education programmes on prostate cancer are needed to create awareness and knowledge on the disease. Individual approaches to assist men with their thoughts and feelings after being diagnosed with prostate cancer should be considered, as well as the incorporation of strategies to be more effective at obtaining social support. Existing misconceptions about prostate cancer that are likely to influence how men prioritize to cope with the diagnosis needs to be addressed. It is also recommended that a model to facilitate effective communication should be developed with the aim of improving interaction between nurses and doctors with men diagnosed and living with prostate cancers and their families.
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    A model for nurses to facilitate supportive care to men diagnosed with prostate cancer and their families in the intermediate hospital Oshakati: A hospital based approach
    (University of Namibia, 2022) Salomo, Salomo
    Namibia appears to have no existing guidelines to facilitate supportive care for men diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) in the oncology departments at the Intermediate Hospital Oshakati (IHO). In King et al.’s (2015) opinion it is crucial for healthcare workers involved in delivering care for men diagnosed with PCa and their families to maximise their quality of life through supportive care. The purpose of this study was to develop a model for nurses to facilitate supportive care for men diagnosed with PCa and their families at the IHO. The study adopted a pragmatic worldview to achieve its objectives. In applying a pragmatic paradigm, the researcher adopted a convergent, parallel, mixed methods study, employing both a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design. The study was conducted in four phases of theory generation, as proposed by Chinn and Kramer (2018): Phase 1 comprised an analysis of concepts based on five research objectives that correspond with the five elements of the study population, namely, published research materials on PCa, nurses, men diagnosed with PCa, family members of men diagnosed with PCa, and oncology departments at the IHO. Qualitative data were collected by means of a scoping review and in depth, individual, face-to-face interviews with 11 men, 7 family members and 14 nurses in order to explore and describe (1) best practices for the supportive care provided by nurses in the oncology departments for men diagnosed with PCa and their families, (2) the experiences of men diagnosed with PCa of the supportive care received from nurses in oncology departments, (3) the experiences of the families of men diagnosed with PCa of supportive care received from nurses in oncology departments, and (4) the experiences of nurses in facilitating supportive care for men diagnosed with PCa and their families in the oncology departments. A non-probability purposive sampling method was used to select information rich participants. All responses were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative data were manually analysed by means of content analysis, using the Tesch’s eight steps of open coding. The following themes and sub-themes were accordingly identified: two themes and eight sub-themes for objective 1, two themes and seven sub-themes for objective 2, two themes and four sub-themes for objective 3, and three themes and six sub-themes for objective 4. Each theme was discussed, verified with direct quotations from the interviews and supported by relevant and appropriate literature. Quantitative data were collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire to assess the oncology departments in terms of facilitating supportive care for men diagnosed with PCa and their families. Thirty-five registered nurses answered the questionnaires. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 25 (SPSS-25). The study revealed that men diagnosed with PCa are rarely offered psychological and spiritual support to enable them to cope more successfully with the hardships they face after being diagnosed with the disease. Nurses, for their part, experience various interventions regarding supportive care, as well as a shortage of resources, the lack of a conducive environment and a lack of support, as well as barriers that hinder the facilitation of supportive care for men and family. On the other hand, family members of men with PCa felt devalued in the healthcare system, as they were often excluded from decision-making regarding treatment. The findings also reveal a lack of psychological and spiritual supportive care by nurses for families. In phase 2, a conceptual framework based on Dickoff et al.’s (1968) practice oriented theory and the four main concepts gleaned from the concept analysis (support, physical, social, psychological and spiritual support) was developed. In phase 3 of the study, the model for nurses to facilitate supportive care for men diagnosed with PCa and their families in IHO was developed. The model was developed based on four theories, namely: practice oriented theory, systems theory, holistic theory and the nursing process theory. The model was described in line with the five descriptive components, as proposed by Chinn and Kramer (2018), namely, purpose, concepts, definitions, relationships, structure and assumptions. Each component of the model was described in terms of the way it contributes to the purpose of the model. The model was evaluated in accordance with the criteria for evaluating the nursing model, as proposed by Fawcett (2005) and Parse (2005). In phase 4, guidelines for operationalising the model were developed to provide direction for nurses and members of the multidisciplinary team involved in the model facilitation process. The guidelines were developed in terms of aims and activities to address the challenges and barriers that hinder the facilitation of supportive care for men diagnosed with PCa in health facilities. Based on the study findings, recommendations are made in terms of nursing practice, nursing education, and nursing research.