Masters Degrees (DPPP)

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Browsing Masters Degrees (DPPP) by Subject "Hospitals in Namibia"

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    Antibiotics’ susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates causing lower respiratory tract infections in ICU patients at referral hospitals in Namibia
    (University of Namibia, 2022) Simeon, Pia
    Introduction: LRTIs are a particularly important problem in Namibia, as they are rated the second leading cause of death in the country and cause around 300 deaths in children under 5 years in 2016. To reduce the burden of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTIs) on health systems and ensure appropriate patient management, it is critical to know the most prevalent pathogens leading to LRTIs and the susceptibility patterns of those pathogens in the local setting. Aim: To formulate cumulative antibiograms for ICUs of referral hospitals in Namibia for the period studied. Methods: This retrospective analytical cross-sectional study was conducted over two years: 2017 and 2018. The cumulative antibiograms were constructed according to CLSI guidelines and the chi-square test was used to compare the changes in susceptibility rates from 2017 to 2018. The data used to develop the cumulative antigrams was obtained from NIP. Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.8%, 8.1%) was a predominant pathogen in Windhoek Central hospital ICU in 2017 and 2018. In Oshakati intermediate hospital ICU, Enterobacter sp. (22.2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (37.5%) were the common pathogens in 2017 and 2018. Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were > 90% susceptibility to colistin, carbapenems and tigecycline in 2017. In 2028, Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were highly susceptibility to amikacin, carbapenems and colistin, but moderately susceptible to tigecyclines. In 2017, Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were more susceptible to carbapenems (imipenem 94% and meropenem 93.8%), amikacin 89.3% and tigecycline 88.7%. In 2018, Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were 100% susceptible to amikacin, colistin and carbapenems. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates were more than 80% susceptible to all the tested antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were 100% susceptible to linezolid, rifampicin, teicoplanin, vancomycin in 2017 and 2018, its susceptibility to these antibiotics did not change. Conclusion: The susceptibility patterns of the common isolated gram-negative pathogens were highly variable. Meropenem combined with gentamicin, is now the recommended empiric therapy for patients with LRTIs in Windhoek Central hospital ICU.