Evaluating media self-regulation in Namibia
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Date
2025
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University of Namibia
Abstract
This study examines self-regulation in Namibia’s post-apartheid media landscape, focusing on
its role in balancing the relationship between the media, newsmakers, sources, the public, and
the government. It evaluates the successes and challenges of self-regulation under the Media
Ombudsman, established in response to calls for media accountability. Using a mixed-methods
approach, the research incorporated both quantitative and qualitative data. Participants included
complainants, news editors, media practitioners from public and private sectors, and former and
current Media Ombudsman. Media leaders agree that self-regulation is essential to prevent
government interference, which could undermine media freedom. Self-regulation has also
contributed to the sustainability of the print media by mitigating costly legal disputes as the
sector is facing declining advertising revenue. However, the study identifies significant
challenges. The voluntary nature of self-regulation means media houses can opt in or out,
creating accountability gaps. Even non-participating entities are subject to the Media
Ombudsman’s oversight when complaints arise, often leading to stalemates and frustration.
Financially, the system relies on membership contributions, but low participation limits revenue,
hindering operational effectiveness. Additionally, the Media Ombudsman lacks a formal office,
relying on goodwill and lacking structured governance, such as annual plans. Both current and
former ombudsmen have legal rather than media backgrounds, which may affect their
understanding of media-specific issues. Quantitative data also indicate dissatisfaction among
some complainants regarding complaint handling. The study concludes that while most media
leaders support self-regulation over government intervention, its voluntary nature poses risks.
Early successes in dispute resolution are noteworthy, but challenges like non-participation and
financial instability threaten its sustainability. The study recommends upholding self-regulation,
designing accountability mechanisms for non-participating media houses, and securing
government funding to ensure the Media Ombudsman’s operational independence. Without
these measures, the media space risks government intervention, potentially undermining media
freedom and a plurality of voices
Description
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Media Studies
Keywords
Media, Self-regulation, Ombudsman, Complaint, Print, University of Namibia, Namibia