The influence of solid waste management practices on the reduction of recidivism among male inmates at Windhoek Correctional Facility, Khomas region, Namibia
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Date
2025
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University of Namibia
Abstract
This qualitative study explored the influence of Solid Waste Management Practices on the
reduction of recidivism among male inmates at Windhoek Correctional Facility, Khomas
Region, Namibia, a persisting issue prevalent at this facility. Grounded in Bronfenbrenner's
Ecological Systems Theory (1979), the analysis took a three-tiered approach to examine
individual risk factors, institutional influences, and societal contributions of recidivism. The
study population comprised of thirty (30) participants who were selected via purposeful
sampling consisting of ten male repeat inmates, ten correctional officers and ten managers.
In addition to the thirty participants, two focus group discussions were organised using
purposeful sampling as well, of which six repeat inmates formed one group while the other
group was a combination of three managers and three correctional officers. Data collection
involved face-to-face semi-structured interviews with individuals’ participants and facilitated
focus group discussions guided by scheduled interview guide in both scenarios. The data used
thematic data analysis, while the data was verified using Lincoln and Guba’s model (Bryman,
2012). Findings suggest that high recidivism rates at WCF are linked to socio-economic
challenges, insufficient rehabilitative programmes, and a lack of post-release assistance.
Recommendations include institutionalising of solid waste management (SWM) programmes
within correctional facilities. Strengthening technical skills training and increasing inmate
participation in SWM activities may enhance post-release employment prospects and reduce
the likelihood of reoffending. The integration of SWM with circular economy principles
could further support social reintegration and promote environmental sustainability
Description
A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Social Work
Keywords
Recidivism, Repeat inmate, Solid Waste Management, Windhoek Correctional Facility, Namibia, University of Namibia