Factors contributing to low academic performance in physical science: A case of junior secondary schools in Shinyungwe Circuit, Kavango east region Namibia
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Date
2025
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University of Namibia
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the factors contributing to low academic performance in
Physical Science among Grades 8 and 9 learners in the Shinyungwe Circuit, Kavango
East Region, Namibia, and to propose strategies to address these challenges. A
qualitative case study design was employed to investigate the issues faced by learners
and teachers in four selected schools, chosen due to their proximity and historically poor
performance in Physical Science as reported by the Ministry of Education, Arts and
Culture (MOEAC, 2017, 2018 & 2019). Furthermore, this study data were collected
through open ended questionnaires from 12 learners, classroom observations, and
interviews with 8 Physical Science teachers and the Senior Education Officer. Moreover,
the findings revealed several key factors contributing to low academic performance,
including a lack of teaching materials and resources, inadequate infrastructure such as
laboratories, insufficient foundational knowledge in science from upper primary school,
language barriers, limited parental involvement, excessive teacher workloads, a shortage
of qualified teachers, and negative learner attitudes towards Physical Science. Guided by
a constructivist framework, the study emphasized the importance of understanding these
challenges within the specific educational context of the Shinyungwe Circuit. This
approach allowed for the identification of actionable, context-sensitive strategies tailored
to the local needs. The study recommends the implementation of targeted interventions,
such as professional development workshops for teachers, investment in infrastructure
(including laboratories and classrooms), the recruitment and training of qualified
Physical Science teachers, partnerships with resource-rich schools, and the use of
technology-enhanced learning tools like instructional videos. Additionally, promoting
the consistent use of English in school environments and increasing parental
involvement through the provision of necessary learning tools and support were
identified as essential strategies to enhance learner engagement and academic
performance. Thus, by addressing these factors and proposing practical solutions, this
study lays the groundwork for improving academic outcomes in Physical Science,
contributing to the broader educational development of the Shinyungwe Circuit
Description
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Education
Keywords
Senior education officer, Teachers, Learner, Physical science, Shinyungwe circuit, Namibia, University of Namibia