Department of Nursing Science

Permanent URI for this community

http://hdl.handle.net/11070/3437

Browse

Browsing Department of Nursing Science by Subject "Attitude"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of male adults regarding the uptake of HIV counselling and testing in Opuwo district, Kunene region, Namibia
    (University of Namibia, 2022) Tjipundi, Sewako Thekela
    Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) are one among the different approaches implemented to curb the spread of HIV infections and minimise the impact on individuals and families. VCT are considered effective strategies in risk reduction among sexually active individuals, hence, the involvement of men in HIV services is critical to ensure the success of such services. Efforts by government and civil society organisations to get more men involved in HIV services in Namibia over the years have yielded little benefits. This research focused on determining the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of male adults regarding the use of VCT services in Opuwo District, Kunene Region, in Namibia. Data were collected in Opuwo town, Otuzemba and Katutura locations. The aim was to determine the role played by the male adults’ knowledge, attitudes, or practices in the uptake of HIV testing. The purpose of this research was to appraise the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of VCT and to determine their association with demographic data on HIV uptake of the male adults in Opuwo district. The study employed a descriptive cross section study, method was used to select the respondents from a population which was done from September to November 2019. The simple random sampling of men aged between 15-50 years and above. The sampling formular used was EPI-INFO version 7 with a confidence interval of 95% and a power of 80%, which gave a sample of 113 participants. Data were gathered from 113 participants using a structured questionnaire that was distributed by the researcher and with the help of two people. The theoretical framework that was utilised in this study was the Health Belief Model, which submits the way beliefs guide individual actions and the process that people go through to change their behaviour The study was guided by ethical principles of beneficence, principle of respect for person and principle of justice. The research sought to determine the degree of knowledge regarding attitude and ii consumption of VCT services by male participants. The association between the data of the participants and other variables was tested using a Chi square. The participants in the study were men who had an average age of 30years. While 95.5% of the participants were knowledgeable about HIV/VCT, 60% had a negative attitude towards VCT, and 60% of the participants had never tested for HIV. The fear of positive results, stigma and discrimination, and confidentiality of test results if they were positive was reported as the main barrier for VCT uptake among men. Arguably, if male participation in accessing VCT services is to be enhanced, VCT programme should reduce, HIV stigma and improve access and trust towards VCT in the district. Other possible interventions are the setting up of regular home-based VCT programmes and the mainstreaming of HIV Testing Services in community development programmes. The chi-square test showed that the type of occupation has an influence on the knowledge of HIV. Finally, the study concluded that outreach programmes that target the testing of men should be encouraged or introduced by Community Based Organisations, and the Ministry of Health and Social Services.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The development of an educational programme to enhance the utilisation of cervical cancer services among women of reproductive age in the Otjozondjupa region, Namibia
    (University of Namibia, 2023) Anyolo, Epafras
    The aim of the study was to develop an educational programme to enhance the utilisation of cervical cancer services among women of reproductive age in the Otjozondjupa region, Namibia. Cervical cancer is among the top ten most common causes of cancer-related deaths among women globally. The setting of this study is the Otjozondjupa region, which is one of the fourteen regions of Namibia. The study was conducted in four phases as follows: Phase one entailed the situational analysis which described the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the reproductive aged women regarding the prevention, screening, and treatment of cervical cancer in the Otjozondjupa region. Phase two of the study entailed the development of a conceptual framework of the study. Phase three was concerned with the process of developing the educational programme, and Phase four focused on identifying the guidelines for the implementation and evaluation of the educational programme interventions. The guidelines were identified in terms of the objectives and activities based on the cyclic curriculum development model. The study applied a quantitative approach with descriptive and cross-sectional designs to address the aim and specific objectives of the study in Phase one. A study population of 37066 women was divided into four strata representing four districts in the Otjozondjupa region and the sample was proportionally distributed to each stratum. Sample power calculation was done to determine the study sample size (381) using the Rao software programme. Multistage stratified random sampling was used in this study. Stage one: All four districts were included in the study and considered as strata. Stage two: All health centres and clinics were selected from each stratum for the study. Stage three: Proportionate stratified random sampling was used to select the clinics and respondents for the study at the facility level. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions using the 5 level Likert scale questions for the respondents to indicate their level of agreement to a statement as well as dichotomous questions. The quantitative data were analysed descriptively using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25. Chi-square statistical analysis was applied to establish the association between demographic data as the independent variable, and knowledge, attitude and practices as the dependent ii variables. Pearson correlation was used to determine the correlations between the study variables. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of the respondents (86.7%) scored low on knowledge regarding prevention, screening, and treatment of CC; 90.8% scored neutral level of attitudes regarding screening, prevention and treatment of CC and 32% scored low in terms of the uptake of cervical cancer screening. A conceptual framework was developed using the framework of the Practice-Oriented Theory by Dickoff et al., (1968). Subsequently, an educational programme to enhance the utilisation of cervical cancer services among women of reproductive age living in the Otjozondjupa region, Namibia, was developed. This was done according to the programme development process by Meyer and Van Niekerk (2008), the Cyclic curriculum development model of Nicholls and Nicholls (1972) as well as Kolb’s four stage model experiential learning theory (1984). Knowles’s learning theories will be used to facilitate teaching and learning during the implementation of the educational programme to the reproductive aged women regarding screening, prevention, and treatment for cervical cancer in the Otjozondjupa region. Finally, guidelines to facilitate the implementation and evaluation of the educational programme activities to enhance the utilisation of cervical cancer screening services among women of reproductive age in Otjozondjupa region were identified. Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, practices, screening, prevention, treatment, cervical cancer, reproductive and women