Department of Social Science

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Access and utilisation of knowledge and information by aquaculture farmers in Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2019) Yule, Wilson
This study on access and utilisation of information and knowledge by aquaculture famers in Namibia investigated the knowledge gap that exists between information and aquaculture production by providing research based evidence on the nature and extent of information utilised by aquaculture farmers in Namibia. The study was driven by the main research question; what is the level of access and utilisation of knowledge and information by aquaculture farmers in Namibia?, and it was guided by two theories: Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory that explained how a new innovation is adopted in society and Kuhlthau’s Six Stage model of the Information Search. The mixed methods research design employed a concurrent triangulation approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Data collection methods used for the quantitative research were surveys, and semi-structured interviews, observation and document analysis for the qualitative. The population comprised of all fish farmers and their managers in Namibia, and the fish farmers’ database at the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources was used as a sampling frame. The survey respondents were selected using a multi stage sampling technique, starting with a simple random sample as well as employing convenient sampling technique while key informants (managers) were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The key findings of the study revealed that fish farmers lacked the required information to fulfil their information needs. They needed the information for problem solving, performing tasks and decision making. The study also showed that fish farmers used different types of information which cuts across different disciplines and this information included agricultural information, health information, environmental information, technological information, business and trade information, and government policies and plans. Several information sources used by fish farmers were newspapers, Internet, textbooks, experts, etc. and they shared information on various topics amongst themselves such as fish markets and harvests, weather forecast, types of fish species, modern fishing methods, site of shoal, fish feeds, and fishing regulations and government policies. The study established that fish farmers could not attend information literacy and knowledge competencies training regularly, though this should not be interpreted to mean that they lacked information and knowledge on aquaculture production. The study proposes an information access and utilisation model (Integrated Aquaculture Information System) that can support aquaculture farmers as users of information, and also highlights the importance of information and knowledge for sustainable livelihoods amongst fish farmers.
Access to and knowledge of sexual and reproductive health services among adolescent school girls in Gobabis, Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2019) Pearce, Alice Mubanga
This study offered unique insight in the challenges and opportunities that exist for adolescent access to sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS) in Gobabis. It focused on exploring adolescent access to reproductive health services through the experiences of adolescent girls and healthcare providers. It was a qualitative case study. The data was collected through interviews with adolescent girls and key-informants who are experienced healthcare providers. This approach provided an in-depth understanding of adolescent reproductive health needs and barriers hindering their access to SRHS in Gobabis. Participating schools and health centres were selected using a purposive sampling technique while the individual girls were sampled using a quota sampling technique. The data gathered from participants was analysed manually using content analysis. The findings show that the girls have access to SRHS. However, they lack a comprehensive understanding of their sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR). As such, this could have affected the meaning attached to their reproductive health. Generally, the girls are aware of a variety of SRHS available at their local health centres but needed more information on their side-effects. The most commonly sought after SRHS was the contraceptive ‘injection’, family planning pills, condoms and the morning after pill. Others included, counselling services and general health information. However, barriers such as the high cost of service in private facilities, the waiting time in government facilities, negative attitudes from nurses and lack of parental support and discussion on issues surrounding sex and sexuality continue to impact access to SRHS. The researcher recommends mother and daughter community health clubs at health centres that can facilitate discussions on SRH among parents, adolescents and health professionals in order to effectively communicate the importance of adolescent reproductive health.
Adolescent sexuality in Namibia: An analysis of sexual knowledge, attitudes and practices among secondary school learners in Katutura
(2001) Yamakawa, Sayumi
The adoption of new media technologies by the Namibia print media: A case study of the New Era and the Namibian newspaper
(University of Namibia, 2019) Nghitongo, Kaino Iyaloo Ndeumono
This study investigated the strategies employed by newspapers in Namibia to adopt new media technologies in their daily operations with a specific focus on New Era and The Namibian newspaper. The study also assessed how the print media has adopted new media technologies and examined how new media technologies have changed operations of news organisations. Using a qualitative method in the form of a case study, a non-probability sampling technique was used to purposively select the sample from New Era and The Namibian newspaper. The sampling quota included one managing editor, one marketing manager, one Information Technology (IT) manager, and six journalists, from each newspaper. The total number of participants in this study was 18. The study revealed that media practitioners from the two newspapers all acknowledge the need to adopt new media technologies, within their operations and appreciated opportunities of being able to reach their audience on different platforms, other than the hard copy newspaper. Furthermore, the study revealed both newspapers have aggressively implemented online newspapers (E-paper), as a complimentary platform for their print editions, websites and mobile applications. The study also found that despite the flexibility in operation that is presented by new media technologies to the journalists, they now face challenges of competing for news with citizen journalists, which forces newspaper journalist to be more creative in their writing and also maintain credibility. The study concluded that newspapers in the country are gradually adopting new media technologies, with different platforms that align with the telecommunication infrastructure in the country. The study thus recommends that news organisation create more awareness on the platforms they have implemented, in order to attract interest from the audiences, to be able to explore such platforms.
Analysis of frames used by Namibian newspapers in their reportage of the San community
(University of Namibia, 2020) Magadza, Moses E.; Akpabio, Eno
This study involves an analysis of the representation of San people of Namibia in news stories published in The Namibian, New Era, Informanté, The Southern Times, The Villager, The Windhoek Observer and Namibian Sun newspapers over a two-year period - January 2012 to December 2013. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the stories. Content analysis and critical discourse analysis (CDA) were used to analyse data and point out binaries and dichotomies inherent in selected articles. The study found that balanced reportage of issues that affect San people is conspicuously absent. Much of the reportage is event-driven, lacking analysis and balance. The study recommends new media discourses
An analysis of the literary representation of the causes and effects of family disintegration in memory Chirere' selected short stories from the antrology Somewhere in this country
(University of Namibia, 2018) Sibanda, Rumbidzai
The thesis explores the literary representation of the causes and effects of family disintegration in Memory Chirere’s selected short stories namely “Keresenzia”, “Beautiful children”, “An Old Man, Eyes of a Buck”, “Plastic and Cardboards” and “When Passions Gather” from the anthology Somewhere in this country. The literary presentation of the causes and effects of family disintegration is an area which has not been thoroughly explored by African writers. The six short stories were selected using purposive sampling. These have been selected because they present themes and characters which were of interest to the researcher as they express the central concern of family disintegration. A qualitative research was design was adopted to analyse the literary representation of the causes and effects of family disintegration in Memory Chirere’s selected short stories. The six short stories were read and critically examined using family systems theory. As a desktop literary research, there was no field work but a literary analysis. Content analysis was used to analyse the data collected by analyzing and examining the causes and effects of family disintegration as well as its effects on children, parents and the society. An analysis of the short stories was done by identifying themes and characters relating to family disintegration and the findings were presented in narrative form. The study indicated that behavioural problems of the characters, loss of morality, death, cultural fragmentation and poverty are some of the causes of family disintegration as portrayed by Chirere in the selected short stories. The study further noted that family disintegration turns children into vampires and killing machines due to lack of guidance from the family members who are no more. Furthermore, the society has no hope in the future generation because children are growing up with no peer role models. The study concluded that all the selected six short stories “Keresenzia”, “Beautiful children”, “An Old Man, Eyes of a buck”, “Plastic and cardboards” and “When passions gather” provided useful insights into the causes and effects of family disintegration and the objectives of the study were met. The study therefore recommends that other researchers can also do a study of the causes of family disintegration focusing in the Southern Africa since the beliefs are all African.
Assessing the use of cloud computing for records management in selected organisations in Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2023) Karlos, Alina Ndapunikwa
This multi-case study assessed the use of cloud computing for records management in selected private organisations in Namibia. The study’s objectives were to assess the drivers and benefits of adopting cloud computing for records management; analyse the cloud computing services and deployment models adopted by the organisations; assess the risks of managing records in the cloud; and identify measures to mitigate risks of managing records in the cloud. A qualitative research approach using semi-structured interviews was employed for data collection. The study population comprised of Namibian organisations using cloud computing and offering cloud computing services for records management. Four private organisations were conveniently selected. Seven participants comprising information technology (IT) staff from cloud computing service-providing organisations and records management staff from both a cloud computing service client organisation and a cloud computing service provider were purposively selected for the study. Data was analysed through content analysis. The study found that Namibian organisations adopted cloud computing for records management. However, cloud providers refered to information managed on the cloud as ‘data’. The study findings established that organisations adopted cloud computing due to its flexibility and affordability. Significant lack of records management expertise in both cloud computing service providers and client organisations was evident. The study further established that records management legal and regulatory framework had not received comprehensive attention by both cloud computing service providers and client organisations. Namibia’s current legal and regulatory framework is weak on the management of electronic records. The introduction of new laws relating to managing electronic records will be instrumental to the success of using cloud computing to manage records. The findings also highlighted that managing records in the cloud presented some risks and challenges such as non-compliance with laws, uncertain records security, and poor knowledge of records management. The study concluded that the cloud computing services provided and adopted by the Namibian organisations were not fully viable for the proper management of electronic records and there was a need for the customisation of cloud computing services to meet records management standards and practices. The study proposed a framework for adopting cloud computing for records management in Namibia.
An assessment of social protection and the living conditions of the elderly: A study of Omatunda village, Ohangwena region
(University of Namibia, 2022) Haukena, Kulaumone Mesag
In Africa, ageing is a phenomenon that is just beginning to reveal its shape. Most governments, including the Government of the Republic of Namibia, acknowledge the increasing number of older persons. Social protection interventions usually include measures to provide adequate housing and nutrition, ensure access to education, health and promote social inclusion and political stability. The lack of access to social protection constitutes a major obstacle to the socio-economic development and wellbeing of the elderly. This was a mixed method descriptive design: a study of Omatunda village, Ohangwena Region of Namibia. The primary objective of the study was to determine the extent to which the Namibian social protection scheme affords to bring a decent living for the rural elderly people in Omatunda village. Purposive sampling was used to select a sample from the population of elderly people above the age of 60 and living in Omatunda village rural Namibia. The results show that about 76% of the respondents were female, while 24% were male. The majority of the respondents 47.6% were between the ages of 70 – 79 years. The majority of the respondents 52.4% were married and 23.8% were a widow. Furthermore, 14.3% were never married, while 9.5% were divorced. About 100% of the elderly people interviewed were receiving Government grant (pension) every month as their main source of income, however, only 43% were satisfied with the amount they are receiving, they perceived the social assistance grant as enabling them to provide the necessities of life and to pay their grandchildren’s school fees. However, about 57% of the elderly were displeased with the grant, which means 48% were neutral and 9.5% were unsatisfied at all. The study revealed that the respondents do use pension funds for a lot of their basic needs, however, noted that all the needs are not covered. Furthermore, the study revealed that there is a public health facility in the area where elderly people are receiving medical care free of charge, only 57% were satisfied with the health service to them, 43% were not satisfied due to long waiting time in the queue as well as the frequently stock out of essential medicines. Although the study revealed that the general health condition of the majority of the respondents is reported to be good, this does not mean that they are unrestricted from challenges. Like many other people, elderly people are faced with numerous challenges which are both social and economic. The study concluded that the old-age 3 pension fund is regarded as a most vital source of income for many households and it is used to improve the living condition of the elderly.
An assessment of the impact off green schemes and gender on economic empowerment: A case of female small scale farmers in Ndonga-Linena, Kavango East, region
(University of Namibia, 2017) Endunde, Cecilia
This thesis explored the impact of green schemes and gender on economic empowerment of women. In particular, it informs on gender participation in the green schemes; decisions on access and control of resources; production and income; green scheme impact on the small-scale farmers (ssfs) and on gender disparity in agriculture. A qualitative research methodology was used where questionnaires and interviews were used for data collection on 16 small-scale farmers at Ndonga-linena green scheme. Although the study’s target were women, male small-scale farmers were also interviewed to analyse the extent of empowerment. The study found that 80% of the small-scale farmers at Ndonga-linena green scheme originate from other regions than the Kavango east region, an indication that green scheme projects are national than regional in their target of beneficiaries. Green schemes, although not fully, empowers women as they make decisions over access to credits, the marketing and sale of products and control over their income and expenditures. The study further revealed that female small-scale farmers out-performed the male small-scale farmers in terms of high crop yield and profit. In addition, the female small-scale farmers displayed control over the agricultural resources as well as leisure time despite other household chores. Since fewer females than males are participating as small-scale farmers, there is a need to increase women participation, to increase production and address past injustices. The study significantly contributes to an understanding of women’s economic empowerment through agriculture.
An assessment of the recordkeeping functionalities of the Namibian Court Information System (NAMCIS) at the Office of the Judiciary
(University of Namibia, 2022) Nangula, Uahengo Hileni
This study sought to assess the recordkeeping functionalities of the Namibian Court Information System (NAMCIS) to determine the efficiency and/or loopholes in the functions and the management of the system. The assessment was guided by the Modular Requirements for Records Systems, standard (MoReq2010) and the IRMT guidelines for integrating records management procedures into ICTs (Information Communication Technologies). The objectives of the study were to: evaluate the standards and procedures used to capture, store, retrieve, disseminate and retain records in NAMCIS; establish the benefits and challenges associated with NAMCIS; determine the knowledge and skills of the people who are responsible for managing the system, and; recommend ways in which NAMCIS can be optimised for the benefit of all users. The study adopted an interpretivism paradigm that aims at understanding individuals’ subjective experiences and their interpretations of the world around them. A qualitative research design was adopted, using a case study. The target population was the Khomas Region employee cohort of the Office of the Judiciary. Non probability purposive sampling was used to select four (4) IT personnel, six (6) chief legal clerks, fourteen (14) court clerks, seven (7) magistrates, and nine (9) prosecutors. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, observations and document review. Descriptive narratives were used to analyse data through content analysis. The major findings from the study revealed that although NAMCIS had adequate security measures, it was outdated and it did not meet all the mandatory functional requirements of an electronic recordkeeping system due to the fact that, it was acquired as a transactional system. It was also discovered that, the implementation process was not guided by records management professionals or internationally recommended records management standards. This study therefore concludes that NAMCIS is outdated and ii incompatible with new software and hardware. The study recommends that: a retention and disposal schedule should be implemented to determine how long information must be retained on the system; a policy framework should be developed to enable the Office of the Judiciary to manage electronic records kept in NAMCIS according to recommended records management standards; end-users should be trained regularly; and the Office of the Judiciary should liaise with Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) (Department of EDRMS) and the National Archives of Namibia, on the improvement of the system’s technicalities. This research builds on the knowledge of electronic recordkeeping systems in general, and in particular, NAMCIS.
An assessment of the state of science journalism in Namibia : A case study of the Namibian, Namibian sun, and New Era newspapers
(University of Namibia, 2023) Brandt, Kudakwangu
Science journalism is a form of reporting that conveys news about science-related topics in a simplified manner. Fields vary from health, environmental and animal science, amongst others. As this field gradually broadens, the duty of science journalists to communicate verified information to ordinary citizens has been amplified. Equally, this underpins the need for scientists to communicate their work to the public, and take their work beyond academic circles to the layman. This is often done by science journalists who have the expertise to report scientific news in a fashion that is less technical. The main objectives of the study were to assess the criteria used by the Namibian print media to determine the newsworthiness of science news, and to determine the challenges and opportunities for the media in the science journalism field. Furthermore, the study sought to examine the perceptions that scientists have of the media. The study aimed to contribute to bridging the gap between scientists and the public. This thesis includes an analysis of qualitative data collected from newspaper editors from Namibia’s main newspapers. In addition, quantitative data were collected from scientists in different fields. The key findings revealed that there is a communication gap between journalists and scientists, stemming from mistrust and generally the lack of appreciation for each other’s profession, which ultimately has an effect on the public’s consumption of science news. It is recommended that various activities and tools be put in place to strengthen relations between the media and scientists and ensure accuracy in the popularisation of science
An assessment of users and Librarians’ skills and competencies in the use of electronic resources at the University of Botswana library
(2012) Selabe, M.; Abankwah, Ruth M.
An assessment on the usage of internet services at Omaheke regional library
(University of Namibia, 2022) Ngashikuao, Lucia Ndeshihafela
Public libraries have become primary sources of free Internet services delivery, and this qualitative case study set to assess the usage of free Internet services provided at the Omaheke Regional Library (ORL). The study was guided by the following research questions: What is the main reason for using Internet services? How satisfied are users with the provision of free Internet services? What difficulties do users encounter when using the Internet? What is the impact of free Internet services to the users? What policies exist in the ORL regarding the usage of free Internet provision to its users? Kuhlthau’s (2008) Information Search Processes theory and Wilson’s (1999) Information Seeking Behaviour theory guided the study. The study applied a qualitative research approach, and the data were collected through Semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observations were conducted with purposely selected staff members and Internet users. Interviews, observations and focus group discussions data were analysed by employing the content analysis technique. The findings of the study showed that the Internet users of the ORL used free Internet services for socialising, educational purposes and searching for jobs. The data further revealed that Internet users were not satisfied with the provision of Internet services due to the slow speed of the Internet and few computers in the library. The findings also demonstrated that the provision of free Internet services impacted the lives of Internet users through education and social activities. Moreover, the findings also revealed that the library did not have any Internet policy in place regarding the usage of free Internet services. The research recommends that the ORL should increase the Internet bandwidth and engage library stakeholders regarding decision making of Internet services for effective and efficient provision of free Internet services.
Backlog in land allocation: A case of poor recordkeeping practices in land boards in Botswana
(2012) Abankwah, Ruth M.
Benchmarking public relations practice in the Namibian public service with the principles of the excellence theory
(University of Namibia, 2019) Nambundunga, Ndafilwonghenda T.
The minister responsible for the management of government information in Namibia, as well as commentators, have expressed concern about public relations practice in government ministries, arguing that citizens are disadvantaged and the full spectrum of the advantages effective communication confers are lost at the national and transnational level (Kapitako, 2013; Mutambo, 2014; Namibia News Digest, n.d.). This study sets out to compare public relations practice in the Namibian public service with the tenets of the Excellence Theory of public relations which is seen as an example of generic benchmarking that involves identifying critical success factors (Grunig, Grunig, & Dozier, 2006) that should aid public relations practice in the Namibian public service come into its own. This entailed benchmarking public relations practice in the public service with the principles of the Excellence theory as well as key informant Interviews with stakeholders – government officials and public relations practitioners. The findings indicate that Namibian government public relations still needs working on if it is to qualify as excellent practice, hence the recommendation for practitioners to closely align the practice context with the tenets of the Excellence Theory.
Business information needs, seeking patterns and information services in the small, medium and micro enterprises sector in Namibia
(2008) Chiware, Elisha R.;
This thesis reports on a study conducted to investigate the business information needs, seeking patterns and information services for small, micro and medium enterprises (SMMEs) in Namibia. The survey methodology was used and questionnaires were distributed to 308 SMMEs and 60 business service providers in the Windhoek and Oshana districts of Namibia. An in-depth qualitative assessment of the business information services was also conducted in 15 business support organisations in the two districts. The data collected through questionnaires was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) while qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. The study revealed that SMMEs have a range of business information needs and top among them are information on: finance, marketing, training and business information. The study also revealed that the information seeking patterns of SMMEs are largely informal with limited use of formal business information services provided by a range of business support services. There are several business support organisations in Namibia providing a range of services, including the provision of business information services. However, the study established that there is need for a coordinated approach towards the provision of business information services in the SMME sector in Namibia. The study showed that the utilisation of ICTs among SMMEs is very limited to basic computer operations like word processing, book-keeping packages, and spreadsheets. The use of Internet as a business tool and source of business information among SMMEs is also very limited. However, the study shows that the utilisation of ICTs among business support organisations is advanced and that this could be used as a platform to improve information delivery services to the SMMEs. The study proposes a strategic model that could be used in the deployment of business information services in the SMME sector. This strategy is based on a definition of business information services, components of business information services and the steps that must be followed in the development of the services. The proposed strategy also outlines the steps that should be taken in the impact assessment of business information services. The study concludes by making several recommendations concerning the improvement of business information delivery services to the SMME sector. Business support organisations and, in particular government and Chambers of Commerce and Industry need to consider various approaches in the design of sustainable business information services.
Change management in the implementation of Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, South Africa
(2021) Msomi, Mandisa; Kalusopa, Trywell; Luthuli, Lungile Precious
For decades, public hospitals have relied on managing records manually using different formats of classification. However, driven by an eHealth strategy, hospitals in South Africa are now changing to electronic health records (EHR) systems for their day-to-day functioning. Earlier studies conducted on health records management in the South African provinces of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), Limpopo, Eastern Cape, Gauteng and Western Cape, all point to minimal evidence of change management in EHR system implementation in public hospitals. This paper presents empirical results of an investigation into the management of change in the implementation of an EHR system at the Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Public Hospital in the eThekwini area of KZN. The findings show that an ill-defined change management approach in the EHR system implementation hinders the progress of the implementation and thus the improvement of health service delivery. The study recommends that the implementation of a robust and functional EHR system be accompanied equally by a viable, parallel and executable change management blueprint.
Cities of entanglements: Social life in Johannesburg and Maputo through ethnographic comparison
(Anthropology Southern Africa, 2022) Tjirera, Ellison
Cities invite attention because of the multiplicity of lifeworlds and encounters they engender. Whether approached from an anthropological, sociological or political vantage point, the “urban question” renders itself to a miniature of various encounters. Since Castells’ ([1972] 1977) classic work, “the urban question” — a reformulation of urbanisation as a capitalist project that emphasises the centrality of the city — has attracted significant attention by critical urban scholars. Scholars who expanded on Castells’ classical argument (for example, Brenner 2019; Merrifield 2014; Wacquant 2008) suggest that urban life is replete with unending pathways that leave us with more questions than answers.
Community radio and information needs: The case of live FM in Rehoboth (2013)
(University of Namibia, 2016) Mwikisa, Diana
This study was an explorative investigation that sought to examine the role Live FM radio plays in serving the information needs of the Rehoboth community. The study was motivated by the fact that community radios in Namibia mainly focus on music and entertainment, which do not contribute much to Namibia’s socio-economic development. Data was collected using focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews and self-administered questionnaires. The study used both qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods aided by ATLAS.ti and Microsoft Excel software to analyse data. The study revealed that more than three quarters of presenters working at Live FM radio were men, confirming that gender imbalance is one of the problems in community participation. The results also showed that Live FM mostly broadcasts in Afrikaans. As a result, the Damara/Nama group in Rehoboth feels neglected. However, the results have shown that Live FM radio plays its role by providing the community it serves with a platform to air their concerns. The study further revealed that Live FM devotes 60% to music and 40% to non-music content in its current programme schedule. Live FM is working on a new programme schedule to address this. It was also revealed that one of the major challenges to community radios is financial sustainability. Nevertheless, Live FM radio has not closed down due to finances since it was established. The main conclusion from this study is that community radio has a strong development focus and serves as a voice of the voiceless in societal issues. It helps communities to transform themselves because it enables them to address their social problems. The main recommendation arising from this study is that stakeholders concerned with community development should use community radio stations more effectively to capture the information needs of a community.
A comparative assessment of the benefits of income generating activities to the beneficiaries funded by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare in Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2021) Shiviya, Anastasia Nangura
Income Generating Activities (IGAs) are utilised globally to create employment and improve livelihoods, Namibia is no exception. This study was set out to comparatively assess the benefits of Income Generating Activities to the beneficiaries funded by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare (MGECW). The study is distinct as it was conducted from a gender perspective and attempts to narrow the knowledge gap by providing Gender Disaggregated Data (GDD) on IGAs. The study used a sequential triangulation of quantitative and qualitative research methods, to collect primary and secondary data, which included secondary analysis case studies. Semi-structured interviews were the main data collection method used, supplemented by observations. Key findings revealed that from 2004 to 2016 employment was created for 1571 IGAs’ main beneficiaries from all 14 regions of whom 1010 (64.3%) were females and 482 (30.7%) males. However, this employment is in the lower tier of the informal economic sector, thus supporting the views of the Dual Labour Market Theory (DLMT). The outcome of the Chi-Square goodness of fit test failed to reject the null hypothesis, x2(28) =37.52, p≥.05. The results revealed that women are generating more income than men. The income was analysed against Namibia’s upper – bound poverty line as per the Geni-coefficient, 2003/2004-2015/2016 of N$ 262.45 - N$ 520.8 and the average monthly turnover of unregistered businesses in the informal economic sector of N$ 2,100.00. The analysis indicates that less than half of the IGAs’ main beneficiaries 350 (19.5%) out of 1571 generate an average monthly turnover, which is comparable to the upper bound poverty lines and the average monthly turnover for unregistered businesses. It is recommended that the MGECW must collaborate with relevant stakeholders to devise strategies that would aid IGA beneficiaries to formalise their businesses and reap the benefits. More importantly, MGECW must leverage existing policies to facilitate the value addition of IGA products and services to maximise access to markets.

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