Research Articles (DCACS)

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    Nutritional assessment of three baled rice straw varieties intended for use as ruminant feed in Namibia
    (Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2021) Madzingira, Oscar; Hepute, Venaune; Mwenda, Evelyn Nanjeke; Kandiwa, Erick; Mushonga, Borden; Mupangwa, John F.
    This study determined and compared the proximate and chemical composition of Angola, IRGA 418 and SUPA rice straw varieties harvested and baled in 2016 and 2017. In both 2016 and 2017, SUPA straw had the highest dry matter (DM) content (960.7 ± 0.50 g/kg and 939.4 ± 0.10 g/kg), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (575.2 ± 9.90 g/kg and 594.7 ± 9.00 g/kg), acid detergent fibre (ADF) levels (374.7 ± 6.30 g/kg and 379.9 ± 9.90 g/kg) and cellulose (CL) content. Angola straw had the highest crude protein (CP) content (39.1 ± 2.00 g/kg, p < 0.05; 60.7 ± 2.70 g/kg) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentration (p < 0.05) in both years. Organic matter (OM), hemicellulose (HC), ash, fat and mineral content varied with year in all rice straw varieties. Angola straw had the lowest metabolisable energy (ME) of the three straw varieties. All straw varieties were deficient in at least one or more essential nutrient components. Nutritional and chemical composition varied with rice straw variety, year of cultivation and baling. Therefore, pre-treatment to improve digestibility and supplementation of deficient nutrients is recommended for effective use as ruminant feed. IRGA 418 straw was recommended as the best choice for ruminant feeding based on higher digestibility (IVOMD) and ME values
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    Phytochemical content, antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, of leaves extracts of Eucalyptus globulus, Peltophorum africanum and Vangueria infausta
    (Discover Agriculture, 2024) Moshidi, Portia Mamothaladi; Mupangwa, Johnfisher; Muya, Claude Mukengela; Washaya, Soul
    This study aimed to determine the extraction yield, phytochemical content, antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of leaves extracts from Eucalyptus globulus, Peltophorum africanum, and Vangueria infausta. Leaves were harvested, separated from the stems, and dried for chemical analysis. Crude and oil extraction, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, and minimum inhibitory concentration were determined, and tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids were quantified by standard protocols. The phenolic, flavonoids, and condensed tannin contents were higher (P < 0.05) in V. infausta extract than in E. globulus and P. africanum. The radical scavenging activities were higher (P < 0.05) in V. infausta, E. globulus than in P. africanum. The antibacterial activity was lower (P < 0.05) for P. africanum and E. globulus oil, and was strongly related to the presence of phenolics and flavonoids. The lack of toxicity of plant extracts suggests that extracts can be used as animal feed additives with no risk of toxicity. Vangueria infausta, Eucalyptus globulus had the highest antioxidant capability and can thus modulate nutrient metabolism in animals