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Item Namibia’s intractable land question(2023) Tjirera, EllisonOverall, the Namibian government has been cautious in its handling of land redistribution, despite the fact that the gross inequalities in access to and possession of land are a reflection of earlier colonial expansion.Item A critical analysis of the impact of research in education: A systematic review(Namibian Journal for Research, Science and Technology (NJRST), 2022) Katukula, Kelvin Mubiana; Kambeyo, LinusMany studies have demonstrated the impact of research in many spheres of life. With the scientific knowledge on the rise, we postulated that impact of research is evident in different scientific fields, which includes education. It is not easy to provide a scholarly definition of the term impact of research as it lacks a standard definition and has various applications. Its uses ranges measuring specific measures to measuring different phenomena. However, impact of research is a demonstrable contribution outside academia. It is a benefit that society gets because of research activities and one way of archiving this benefit can be through the addition of value and improvement of the quality of life as a consequence of research. From the education perspective, the meaning of the impact of research may include the development of skills, knowledge, values, and cultural norms of a people. It is equally alluded to the ability to transform the art of teaching, which might lead to useful lessons that explain the curriculum to the benefit of the students. The impact of research can also mean the ability to influence the modification of educational policies to align them with the global educational trends. This critical systematic review addresses the gap in knowledge about the impact of research in basic education. It further provides a broader understanding of how the research impact affects teaching approaches, education policy, and how it influences education management.Item Cities of entanglements: Social life in Johannesburg and Maputo through ethnographic comparison(Anthropology Southern Africa, 2022) Tjirera, EllisonCities invite attention because of the multiplicity of lifeworlds and encounters they engender. Whether approached from an anthropological, sociological or political vantage point, the “urban question” renders itself to a miniature of various encounters. Since Castells’ ([1972] 1977) classic work, “the urban question” — a reformulation of urbanisation as a capitalist project that emphasises the centrality of the city — has attracted significant attention by critical urban scholars. Scholars who expanded on Castells’ classical argument (for example, Brenner 2019; Merrifield 2014; Wacquant 2008) suggest that urban life is replete with unending pathways that leave us with more questions than answers.Item Change management in the implementation of Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, South Africa(2021) Msomi, Mandisa; Kalusopa, Trywell; Luthuli, Lungile PreciousFor decades, public hospitals have relied on managing records manually using different formats of classification. However, driven by an eHealth strategy, hospitals in South Africa are now changing to electronic health records (EHR) systems for their day-to-day functioning. Earlier studies conducted on health records management in the South African provinces of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), Limpopo, Eastern Cape, Gauteng and Western Cape, all point to minimal evidence of change management in EHR system implementation in public hospitals. This paper presents empirical results of an investigation into the management of change in the implementation of an EHR system at the Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Public Hospital in the eThekwini area of KZN. The findings show that an ill-defined change management approach in the EHR system implementation hinders the progress of the implementation and thus the improvement of health service delivery. The study recommends that the implementation of a robust and functional EHR system be accompanied equally by a viable, parallel and executable change management blueprint.Item Efficacy of celebrities as behavioral influence models in the fight against Malaria in Tanzania(2020) Kahenga, Daichi; Akpabio, EnoSince the launch of the "Malaria Haikubaliki" campaign in 2010, little if any attention has been given to assessing the efficacy of celebrity endorsement in achieving the campaign is overarching objectives. The main objective of this study was to assess the component of the campaign that involved the use of celebrities. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 197 participants were randomly selected in the three regions of Dares Salaam City: namely Kinondoni, II ala and Temeke. The findings of this study indicate that a majority of the respondents had positive perceptions and attitudes towards celebrities used in the "Malaria Haikubaliki" campaign and this had positive impact on their adoption of the behaviour in the anti-malaria message.Item Women in the Tanzanian media: A critical analysis(2017) Akpabio, EnoResearch reports that indicate that women are marginalized in the Southern African and Tanzanian media call for urgent redress. In the specific instance of Tanzania, male sources dominate at 79%, while radio has the lowest proportion of female sources at 13% – women are more likely to be seen than to be heard. Female voices are heard in the “soft” areas such as gender equality and gender-based violence and less so in the fields of mining, labor and housing, each of which registers at a paltry 10%. Their voices start to disappear when they attain the age of 50. Women’s commentary dominates in the categories of beauty contests, and in reports on sex workers and homemaking, and women are more likely to be identified by a personal tag. In the newsroom, women constitute only 25% of print reporters, they are more likely to feature in “soft” news beats, and women occupy just over a quarter of the top management positions and constitute 14% of sources quoted 169 by male reporters. This study, citing best practices, charts the way forward more even gender representation in the Tanzanian media.Item Students’ reflections from a media literacy and production approach to UNAM Echo: An online training publication(2017) Akpabio, Eno; Mwilima, FredIn this paper we describe the students’ experiences in the implementation of the first online newspaper, UNAM Echo, produced and managed by media studies. This rewarding experience is in sync with the concept of media literacy as espoused by Brown (1998) and Zettl (1998) which has come to embrace production of traditional and new media content and away from its earlier fixation with critical analysis and appreciation of literary works and effective communication.Item Failure of media self-regulation? documenting stakeholders’ attitude to the Botswana media complaints/ appeals committees(2018) Akpabio, Eno; Mosanako, SeamoganoIn Botswana, efforts at self-regulation resulted in the setting up of the Media Complaints and Appeals Committees in 2005 under the aegis of the Botswana Press Council. This study sought to find out the attitude of stakeholders to the committees by conducting intensive interviews with complainants, editors as well as members of the complaints and appeals committees. There were va-riances in our findings with complainants largely dissatisfied with the com-mittees’ work while the committees felt they had done a good job by provid-ing fair rulings. And media editors said that they complied with rulings of the complaints and appeals committees but complainants took the opposite view. While two press councils are in existence at the moment, the object lesson from the Botswana scenario is that if the media are effective in their self-regulation initiatives, this will likely keep government-initiated statutory press councils at bay. The study concludes that perhaps, citizen involvement would serve to break the present impasse and ensure a media that truly serves the public interest.Item Framing of the baby dumping phenomenon by the Namibian print media(2017) Akpabio, Eno; Mwilima, FredBaby dumping is regarded as a significant problem in Namibia and stakeholders have identified public awareness about contraceptives and options for dealing with unwanted pregnancies such as foster care, adoption and institutional care as solutions to this heartrending phenomenon. The media are a critical player in disseminating such awareness, hence this study set out to determine how the Namibian print media framed the baby dumping phenomenon more so as scholars have determined that what receives attention in the press is regarded as very important by audience members. The present study involved a content analysis of three newspapers: the government-owned New Era, and the privately owned tabloid, Namibian Sun as well as the highest circulating daily newspaper, The Namibian. over a period of four years (2011-14). From the findings, it was clear that the Namibian media showed a preference for straight-news reports about the phenomenon without any attempt at proffering solutions by surfacing shared values and appeal to basic humanity or providing in all instances individual and societal/communal intervention to stem this negative tide.Item Traditional versus online newspapers: The perspective of news audiences in Botswana(2014) Lesitaokana, William; Akpabio, EnoContemporary studies of journalism and new media indicate that news audiences prefer to read online newspapers because they are generally interactive, host multimedia content and report breaking news. However, the literature on the impact of digital media technologies on traditional print publication consumption patterns in Botswana and the African continent is hard to come by. Thus, this study, using multistage cluster sampling and focus group discussions, sets out to explore how audience members in Botswana engage with online news vis-á-vis traditional newspapers. It finds out that news audiences have a favorable attitude towards online newspapers but still prefer traditional newspapers, and that in Botswana specifically, access to online and traditional newspapers is influenced by factors such as cost and convenience. The study’s findings indicate clearly that while new media technologies continue to influence new trends and practices in journalism globally, audiences’ experience with these technologies differ from country to country.Item Analysis of frames used by Namibian newspapers in their reportage of the San community(University of Namibia, 2020) Magadza, Moses E.; Akpabio, EnoThis study involves an analysis of the representation of San people of Namibia in news stories published in The Namibian, New Era, Informanté, The Southern Times, The Villager, The Windhoek Observer and Namibian Sun newspapers over a two-year period - January 2012 to December 2013. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the stories. Content analysis and critical discourse analysis (CDA) were used to analyse data and point out binaries and dichotomies inherent in selected articles. The study found that balanced reportage of issues that affect San people is conspicuously absent. Much of the reportage is event-driven, lacking analysis and balance. The study recommends new media discoursesItem Libraries, literacy and poverty reduction: a key to African development(2006) Mchombu, Kingo; Cadbury, NicolaThis paper examines the role of libraries as providing support in relation to two areas of knowledge, namely, literacy and survival information. Libraries play an important role in the acquisition, maintenance and development of literacy skills. They achieve this through offering access to reading materials that are relevant, stimulating, enjoyable or useful. Pleasure in reading, which in turn helps to foster a lifelong reading habit, is often experienced in the library in which readers gain their first opportunity to pick a book of their own choice. Libraries are also important for providing practical information that can be used to facilitate development, whether for seeking employment, understanding rights, learning a skill, checking a fact or developmental information, in health, agriculture, education and small businesses.Item Overview and information issues concerning the HIV/AIDS situation in Africa(2007) Mchombu, Kingo; Mchombu, Chiku M.The paper examines the information and knowledge issues concerning the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Africa. The paper starts by presenting an overview of the HIV/AIDS pandemic citing evidence which shows clearly HIV/AIDS is spread out in Africa, the hardest hit continent. The impact of HIV on the youth, women and girls, and orphaned and vulnerable children (OVCs) is explored and reasons for the high levels of infections presented. This outline provides the backdrop for analyzing the HIV/AIDS information and knowledge issues which include overlapping information functions and responsibilities which have led to the emergence of a non traditional scientific communication model; the absence of an HIV/AIDS infostructure and infrastructure at grassroots level leading to an information vacuum in places away from the major urban areas; and the negation of the impact of information on behaviour change because of socio-economic and cultural factors. The final section proposes knowledge management at national and grassroots level as the best way to improve the local production, transfer and sharing of HIV/AIDS knowledge and information in Africa which will lead to innovation and concrete action to curb the spread of the disease.Item The information needs for poverty eradication in the context of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) at Grenwell Matongo in Katutura, Windhoek(2007) Mchombu, KingoThe Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the eradication of poverty are two concerns that are wieldy supported by the Namibian Government, the United Nations and bilateral agencies. However within Africa, not much research has been done on what role libraries and community information resource centres can play towards meeting the goals of the MDG programme and the eradication of poverty. The City of Windhoek, through the Vantaa-Windhoek project, which addresses among others, promotion of culture of reading and enhancement of access to development information to communities in informal settlements. Both partners were keen to establish the information needs situation of the community to fight poverty and deprivation. Thus this report presents findings from the study carried out at Grenwell Matongo, Katutura, Windhoek, on information needs for poverty eradication in the context of MDGs. Focus group discussion were conducted with three groups consisting of young females, young males, and adults respectively. In addition, participants participated in drawing Venn diagrammes on various aspects of their information needs and use behaviours when dealing with poverty issues. The participants described the high levels of poverty in their community, and the low levels of hygiene and sanitation. There was recognition that education for children is important to overcome poverty. Poor facilities for homework at home, low parental support because of low level of education and hunger among learners make learning difficult. Gender relations are marked by alcohol related violence and rapes. The rates of HIV/AIDS and TB infections were thought to be high but kept secret because of fear of stigma. There were serious environmental problems in the community because of the use of inflammable fuel sources such as paraffin and candles in the corrugated iron shacks. The community information centre in the settlement is used intensively by young people to obtain educational information and for study facilities. Adults however, indicated that they only use the community information centre marginally, mainly for photocopying and literacy classes purposes. Recommendations are made on how to address the identified information needs of the community and capacity building in the context of MDG and poverty eradication. Overall the youth appeared to have a richer information environment with more sources and channels for accessing and sharing information compared to adults in the community, some of who appeared isolated disempowered and complained that no one listened to them. The key recommendations from this study include the following: Capacity building through the creation of a broad based information centre committee to provide advice and direction; expanding the range of information provided to the community, more facilities, expanding the size of the information centre to enable it to undertake more responsibilities, and introducing skills based and discussion forums into the information dissemination strategy. The need to network with other development agencies was also recommended as a way of providing support for the work being done at the centre.Item Harnessing Knowledge Management for Africa’s Transition to the 21st Century(SAGE, 2007) Mchombu, KingoThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the factors which make knowledge management an important resource for accelerating the development of Africa as we move into the 21st century. As African information specialists we are faced with the urgent challenge of making our full contribution to ongoing efforts, in our respective countries, to end poverty and underdevelopment on our continent. The key objective of this paper is thus to answer the question: What are the methods that information and knowledge management can use to address poverty and underdevelopment in Africa? In addressing this topic, the paper raises the following sub-questions: 1. What are the basic concepts underlying the information and knowledge management revolution? 2. How best can Africa manage the transition process to an information and knowledge-based economy? 3. What role does knowledge management play in national development? 4. What challenges face information specialists in the knowledge revolution era? In addition to this introduction, this paper has five other parts. The next part provides basic concepts and definitions of knowledge management. The third part explores the management of the transition process from an agricultural society to an information and knowledge-based society. The fourth part focuses on the role information and knowledge plays in human development. The fifth part continues the exploration by analysing specific sectors of national development, and the sixth part looks at the challenges for information specialists in the knowledge revolution era.Item Mata-review and scoping study of the management of knowledgement for development(IKM Emergent Research Programme, European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes. IKM Working Paper, 1, 1-46., 2008) Ferguson, Julie E.; Mchombu, Kingo; Cummings, SarahThe development sector has not yet fully appreciated the strategic importance of knowledge to its work and because of this, has not developed effective responses to the knowledge asymmetries within and between organizations. Even where the strategic importance of knowledge to development is appreciated, development actors are struggling with the practical challenges of organizing and using information and knowledge. A substantial amount has already been written on knowledge management in development, including a number of literature reviews. Consequently, this paper will draw on existing literature reviews rather than repeating this exercise, providing a ‘review of reviews’, and supplementing it with linkages to other fields. This study explores the theoretical and conceptual background to the challenges facing the broad field of knowledge for development. It starts by providing an outline of the broad knowledge for development field, tracing its origins both within and outside the development sector (Part 1) and placing particular emphasis on the practice-based view of knowledge. Next, it provides an overview of stages and models of knowledge management (Part 2). These stages and models are of key importance as they show the perceived trends in knowledge management. A substantial part of the paper is devoted to a meta-review of literature reviews focusing on knowledge management for development (Part 3), identifying the main issues which need to be addresses in further work on this subject, and exploring differences in knowledge management approaches beyond the Anglo-Saxon discourse (Part 4). The next section (Part 5) goes on to draw the findings from all the other parts of the working paper to identify key issues that need to be addresses in future research in the areas of: • The Northern, Anglo-Saxon bias in the dominant knowledge management for development discourse; • Knowledge management in different constellations of development organizations; • The human face of knowledge management; • Knowledge asymmetries; and • Evaluation and impact assessment of knowledge management.Item New monumental architectures of independence: National representations in Windhoek’s civic spaces(Picasso Headline, 2012) Fox, TomItem Policies and strategies that govern the management of audio-visual materials in Eastern and Southern Africa Regional branch of the International Council on Archives(2012) Abankwah, Ruth M.This paper reports the results of an empirical study on the management of audio-visual materials in the member states of the East and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives (ESARBICA). The paper examines the extent to which national archives in ESARBICA apply archival policies and strategies to the management of audio-visual (AV) materials. The main objectives of the study were to: i) identify policies which archival institutions in ESARBICA used to manage AV materials; and ii) identify strategies which archival institutions in ESARBICA apply to the management of AV materials. The study employed a survey design. Nine countries (South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Swaziland) in the region were covered. Data was gathered mainly through literature review supplemented by interviews and observation checklists. The findings revealed that while some national archives adhered to established standards and practices, others did not. It was evident that disposal and digitisation policies were lacking. Since most national archives were financially constrained, the management of AV materials did not seem to be a priority in their budgets. This in turn impacted on the preservation of AV materials.Item Backlog in land allocation: A case of poor recordkeeping practices in land boards in Botswana(2012) Abankwah, Ruth M.Item The impact of the diffusion of ICTs into educational practices(Nera, 2005) Beukes-Amiss, Catherine M.; Chiware, Elisha R.ICTs have been seen as the missing technologies i11 the developme11t of Africa. Over the last decade we have witnessed the deployment of ICTs into various sectors in Africa, including education. This paper aims to evaluate whether the impact of the diffusion of ne1v technologies into educational practices, in developing countries, and in Namibia in particular, has brought about any meaningful changes, knowing that educational planners all over the world are forced in one way or another to use new technologies as part of educational practices. Moreover it examines with specific emphasis what is happening in Africa compared to where we are in Namibia, trying to answer the questions: Is diffusion ofJ CTs into educatio11al practices something good or something bad? Is the educational system ready for such investments or just creating further digital divides between rich urban schools and poor rural schools? The paper follows a methodological sryle of reviewing existing literature, as welL as initiatives aiming toward diffusiOII of ICTs into Namibian schools and the role of government. It concludes in highlighting some of the current debates of the impact of ICTs in developing countries, and the educational sector in particul01: