Evaluation of titania-based thin films fabricated via the aqueous spray method for applications as anti-soiling coatings on solar cell cover glass
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Date
2025
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University of Namibia
Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable energy has made solar energy essential in the world
energy transition. To maximize power output, solar PV systems must operate effectively.
However, factors like soiling on the solar cell cover can reduce efficiency and overall
power output. Traditional cleaning methods are typically expensive and labor-intensive,
therefore emphasizing the need for simpler, cost-effective solutions like anti-soiling
coatings. This study investigates the structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of
aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) thin films
prepared via an aqueous spray method. Aqueous precursor solutions were formulated by
mixing Ti⁴⁺ complexes with Al³⁺, Zn²⁺, or Cu²⁺ complexes, with molar percentages varying
from 0% to 10%. The results from UV-vis spectroscopy indicated that doping significantly
enhanced the optical properties of TiO₂ thin films, with Al, Zn, and Cu-doped films
showing higher transmittance than undoped TiO₂. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that
all samples retained the anatase phase of TiO₂ without secondary phases of the dopants.
Photocatalytic degradation tests revealed that 6% Cu-doped TiO₂ exhibited the highest
degradation rate of 28% for methyl orange (MO), while 8% Al-doped and 2% Zn-doped
films showed optimal activity at their respective levels. These findings suggest that doping
TiO₂ thin films at appropriate doping concentrations can enhance their optical properties
and photocatalytic efficiency, making them promising candidates for anti-soiling
applications on solar cell covers
Description
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Renewable Energy
Keywords
Thin films, TiO2, Aqueous spray method, Doping, University of Namibia, Namibia