Dynamics of Namibian Defence Force intervention in anti-poaching operations of Etosha National Park (2016 -2022)
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Date
2024
Authors
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Publisher
University of Namibia
Abstract
The study sought to re-count the dynamics of the Namibian Defence Force’s (NDF)
intervention in anti-poaching operations in Etosha National Park. Specifically, the
study describes the notion of anti-poaching, and strategies that can be adopted to
prevent poaching in Etosha. To determine whether the NDF’s participation in anti poaching operations has the potential to combat poaching in Etosha, a sample of 20
members of the NDF, Namibian Police Force (NAMPOL), and the Ministry of
Environment, Forestry and Tourism (METF) Anti-Poaching Unit who served in anti poaching operations was selected. The study involves three interview sessions with 20
participants, comprises 5 females and 15 males. The gender dynamics revealed that
there is a higher level of male participation in anti-poaching operations compared to
female participation due to the nature of operations. A non-probability purposive
sampling technique was employed to select participants for the study. The main
research instrument for this study was an interview guide, with a semi-structured
interview schedule comprised of open-ended questions. The researcher also utilised
official records and statistics for additional information and support. The study
established that the Namibian Defence Force’s intervention in Etosha National Park
led to a decrease in rhino poaching. Before the NDF intervention, 82 rhinos were
poached in 2015. However, by 2016, the number decreased to 58 rhinos, and further
to 34 in 2017. Between 2019 and 2022, the number of poached rhinos fluctuated
between 24 and 52. The study recommends that the Namibian government allocates
resources towards establishing a fully-fledged Anti-Poaching Unit, address the park's
vulnerabilities by repairing and electrifying fence perimeters. Creating permanent
monitoring bases along the perimeter will also likely improve surveillance capabilities
and allow for the timely detection of suspicious movements. It is essential to employ
stringent access control measures and sniffing dogs to regulate entry into the park.
Additionally, modern technologies, such as surveillance cameras and long-range drone
cameras are essential for combating poaching. The NDF and NAMPOL should extend
their operations and increase personnel deployment. By adopting these comprehensive
recommendations, Etosha National Park can potentially strengthen its defence against
poaching and safeguard its wildlife for future generations
Description
A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts in security and strategic Studies
Keywords
Intervention, Poaching, Anti-Poaching