School of Military

Permanent URI for this community

http://hdl.handle.net/11070/3310

Browse

Browsing School of Military by Issue Date

Filter results by year or month
Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    An investigation into the effectiveness of maritime security in combating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in Namibian waters: A case study of the Kunene river mouth
    (University of Namibia, 2022) Justinu, Avelinu Ngongo
    The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of maritime security in combating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing activities in Namibian waters, with reference to the Kunene River Mouth. To realize this objective, the study evaluated the methods and technologies applied by the respective maritime security agencies in combating Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing activities at the Kunene River Mouth. The study employed a qualitative approach that is descriptive by design that utilized a case study approach. Moreover, purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to select participants. The total sampled population was 43 participants comprising of members from the Namibian Navy, Namibian Police Water Wing, Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources and Directorate of Maritime Affairs as well as Namibian Ports Authority. In addition, data was collected through semi structured open-ended interviews, focus group discussions and observation. The research findings revealed that, the current maritime security mechanisms used to counter IUU fishing activities at the Kunene River Mouth are ineffective, owing to the distance of 764 km to be covered by the coastal patrol vessels when launched from Walvis Bay to the Kunene River Mouth, which takes approximately 26-30 hours. The findings also indicated that challenges of inadequate funding for maintenance and fuel for coastal patrol vessels for the Namibian Navy and Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources hampered coastal patrols at the Kunene River Mouth. Hence, the lack of coastal patrols conducted at the Kunene River Mouth created a security vacuum that is exploited by illegal foreign vessels. iii In the final analysis, the study recommended that the Namibian Navy with financial support from the Namibian government to establish a naval calling station along the northern Namibian coastline, preferably at Cape Fria that is 200 km from the northern maritime border. It is also recommended that the Namibian government to avail sufficient funding to the Namibian Navy and Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources for the maintenance and fuel for coastal patrol vessels in order to maintain constant presence at the Kunene River Mouth. The study further recommended that the Namibian and Angolan authorities to sign a Memorandum of Understanding on hot pursuit for illegal foreign vessels trying to flee into the respective countries territorial waters. Lastly, the study recommended for further research to be carried out on the impact of IUU fishing activities at the Kunene River Mouth on the Namibian economy.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    An investigation into the factors contributing to the increase of firearms crimes in Windhoek, Namibia, 2015 – 2019.
    (University of Namibia, 2022) Munzenze, Dusken Kweta
    This study focused on factors contributing to the increase in firearms crimes in Windhoek in Namibia. The research objectives for this study were as follows; to examine the factors contributing to the intensification of firearm crimes in Windhoek, Namibia; to analyse the impact of the firearm crimes in Windhoek of Namibia, and to find ways in which firearm crimes in Windhoek can be mitigated. The research found that domestic disputes, abuse of alcohol, lack of counselling of people in dispute, and exposure of people, especially children, to violent situations are contributing to the scourge of violence in Windhoek. It was also found that the high rate of unemployment and subsequent rising poverty levels in Windhoek are among the generating and contributing factors to firearm increase crimes in Windhoek. The study also found that firearm crimes have a negative impact on socioeconomic dynamics in Windhoek. Individuals, families, and communities are feeling these impacts. This is so because some businesses are being forced to cut down on their operating hours due to the fear of being robbed. Similarly, firearm crimes targeting businesspersons are also impacting economic activities because most businesses have reduced their operating hours due to fear of being the next victim. This research has unearthed mitigating measures by increasing the number of police officers who conduct night-time patrols and enhancing police visibility in the City. In addition, the researchers concluded that firearm crimes could be mitigated by training police officers on how to identify and counsel people who are at risk of committing these types of heinous crimes. It is also revealed that the intensification of firearm crimes in Windhoek can be mitigated through strict firearm regulations by the government. Hence, the adoption of comprehensive firearm legislation could go a long way in this regard. This firearm legislation could be in the form of firearm license renewals, repossession of firearms from all firearm crime offenders, firearm crime risky individuals, and providing firearm amnesty to those in possession of illegal firearms.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The challenges of communicating global pandemics as national security issue: A case study of COVID-19 in Namibia
    (University of Namibia, 2023) Shikwambi, Pretunilla Kaunapawa
    This study examined the challenges of communicating global pandemics as national security threat with specific reference to COVID-19 outbreak in Namibia. It was motivated by the articulation of the pandemic as a national security threat through the declaration of state of emergency by the Namibian government. The state of emergency was characterized by the adoption of COVID-19 protocols and regulations such as closing down of some borders, imposing of curfew, restriction of movements, mandatory wearing of face masks, social distancing, and limited shut down of businesses. However, it became evident that the articulation of the pandemic as a national security threat did not resonate with the Namibian public as evidenced by violation of COVID-19 protocols and regulations. This resulted in numerous arrests and confrontations with security agencies. Through the use of qualitative methods of semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and review of documents, data were collected and analysed. From data analysis, it was found that the messaging strategies of the government on COVID-19 security implications were ineffective as a result of mixed messaging and the circulation of false information on social media. Furthermore, it was found that the public mistrusted the government, World Health Organization and others due to inconsistencies in the information provided on the pandemic. On the basis of the findings, recommendations were made to the effect that strengthening of stakeholders’ engagement, engagement of experts as messengers as well as timeous dissemination of relevant information among others are critical to effectively communicating pandemics as national security threats.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    An analysis of the impact of novel coronavirus pandemic on collective security in the SADC region
    (University of Namibia, 2023) Shaningwa, Naftali
    The purpose of the study was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Collective Security in the SADC Region. The study adopted a qualitative research design. Moreover, the total sample for the study was 20 participants from the Namibian Defence Force, Ministry of Intentional Relations and Co-operation, Namibian Police and Namibia Correctional Services as well as scholars in the field of International Relations. Furthermore, the participants were sampled through purposive sampling and the study used semi-structured open-ended interviews. The research findings revealed that, the COVID -19 pandemic has greatly affected Collective Security in the SADC Region. The Collective Security Mechanisms affected by the COVID-19 pandemic is the SADC Standby Force rapid deployment capabilities. During the pandemic, the SADC Strategic Development Plan meetings such as Strategic Indicative Plan of the Organ (SIPO) on Defence, Politics and Security were put on hold, therefore escalating the insecurity in the SADC Region. Moreover, under such circumstances the SADC member states were unable to create a stable political and security environment through which the region is able to realize its objectives of social economic development and Regional Integration. Furthermore, Collective Security was further impacted in terms of personnel; hence, some lost their loved once from the pandemic, which therefore dampen morale for the military and health experts. In the final analysis, the study recommended, vaccination to be mandatory to all Security and health personnel to boost their immune system given the fact that they are the first line or front line workers, which increases the risks of infections. The researcher also recommends for further research on measures to prevent extremist in the SADC Region.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    An investigation into illicit drug trafficking and its Implications for national security: A case study of Khomas Region, Namibia
    (University of Namibia, 2024) Hango, Metumo Nangula Olye; Mushelenga, Peya
    The present study investigated drug trafficking and its implication for national security, using Khomas Region as a case study. Illicit drug trafficking is one of the variables that offer a bigger threat to a country's national security since it has evolved into an international problem that threatens international peace and security. In recent years, the smuggling of illegal narcotics has increased in Namibia. According to Lieutenant-General Sebastian Ndeitunga, Namibia is in serious jeopardy due to the alarming increase in drug trafficking, (De Klerk, 2018, p.6). Statistics from Namibian Police’s Drug Law Enforcement Division show that between 2017 and 2020, 7151 persons were detained in Namibia for drug-related crimes (Namibian Police, 2020). In addition, according to a declaration made by the Minister of Health and Social Services, Kalumbi Shangula, for the Commission on Narcotic Substances’ 64th Session, Namibia seized 843,892 kg of cannabis; 4,930 tablets of Mandrax; 1,072g of cocaine powder; 650 units of crack cocaine and 2,922 g of crystal meth in 2020. This study employed a qualitative research methodology, using a case study research design. The study found among others that, drug trafficking in Namibia could lead to the spread of small arms and other weapons; a high possibility of violence and extremism; a threat from international terrorism; a pervasive culture of corruption and other security challenges. Moreover, an additional burden on government spending to address the problem was uncovered in this study. Based on the findings, the study put forward the following recommendations. A strong legislative structure that addresses the problem is necessary to control and prevent drug trafficking; a public health and intelligence approach to raise public awareness of the threat of drug trafficking on the country’s national security is equally necessary. The Government should also derive ways to address the high unemployment rates among the youth to deter the majority of them from succumbing to the allure of drug trafficking in the country.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The domestic military deployment of the Namibian Defence Force: 1990-2019
    (University of Namibia, 2024) Showa, Veronika Nangula; Achu, Check Nicasius
    The research focused on the analysis of the military domestic deployment in Namibia from 1990-2019. The study harnessed insights from the national security approach to ground the research. The study objectives were to investigate the nature of the deployment of the Namibian Defence Force (NDF) in internal security operations in Namibia, to assess the challenges of deployment of the military in internal security operations in Namibia and to enhance the strategic efficacy of the NDF in their deployment in internal security operations in Namibia. The researcher used a qualitative approach that was exploratory by design. Moreover, thirty (30) participants were sampled for this study. Data was analysed through the thematic approach method. Research findings show that the nature of the deployment of the NDF in internal security operations in Namibia is characterised by dealing with National Security Threats, Joint Crime Prevention Operations and Response to National Disasters. Findings also showed that the challenges of domestic deployment of the NDF for maintaining and preserving internal security operations in Namibia include but are not limited to the lack of training, lack of proper orientation, lack of equipment, lack of clear strategies and tactics as well as limited budgets. Based on the findings, it is suggesting measures that emergency budgets, provision of training and civil operations orientation and provision of equipment be implemented
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Anti-unmanned aerial vehicle detection system for airports: Aviation and national security perspective
    (Journal of Transportation Security, 2024) Anghuwo, John Shivute; Imanuel, Peter; Nangolo, Sam Shimakeleni
    Unmanned Aerial Vehicles gained significant popularity in the last decade as dem onstrated by their wide usage in various fields. From around the year 2001, the usage of unmanned aerial vehicles’ technology was mainly confined to law en forcement agencies such as the military, police, and customs. In the contemporary, terrorists have also been observed to be using unmanned aerial vehicles to attack aviation facilities. The current paper examines the levels of vulnerability of the Namibian airports to possible intrusion and attack from unmanned aerial vehicles, a situation that could pose a serious threat to aviation and national security. Adopting a qualitative research approach, the study made use of a questionnaire and semi structured interview guide to collect primary data from the participants. Microsoft Excel was used to analyse the data. The study establishes that Namibian airports are prone to attacks from unmanned aerial vehicles as there are no anti-unmanned aerial vehicle detection systems installed at all airports in the country. Thus, there is clear evidence that the Namibia Civil Aviation Authority and the Namibian Airport Company’s regulations and policies on aviation safety and security did not prioritise the installation of anti-unmanned aerial vehicle detection systems at all airports in Namibia. The paper suggests that, in order to enhance aviation safety and security, a joint civil/military Information Technology Unit, responsible for spoofing, detec tion, and the monitoring of illicit unmanned aerial vehicle operations should be set up and operations activated at all airports and other public infrastructures in Namibia