Masters Degrees (DNS)

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Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of male adults regarding the uptake of HIV counselling and testing in Opuwo district, Kunene region, Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2022) Tjipundi, Sewako Thekela
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) are one among the different approaches implemented to curb the spread of HIV infections and minimise the impact on individuals and families. VCT are considered effective strategies in risk reduction among sexually active individuals, hence, the involvement of men in HIV services is critical to ensure the success of such services. Efforts by government and civil society organisations to get more men involved in HIV services in Namibia over the years have yielded little benefits. This research focused on determining the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of male adults regarding the use of VCT services in Opuwo District, Kunene Region, in Namibia. Data were collected in Opuwo town, Otuzemba and Katutura locations. The aim was to determine the role played by the male adults’ knowledge, attitudes, or practices in the uptake of HIV testing. The purpose of this research was to appraise the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of VCT and to determine their association with demographic data on HIV uptake of the male adults in Opuwo district. The study employed a descriptive cross section study, method was used to select the respondents from a population which was done from September to November 2019. The simple random sampling of men aged between 15-50 years and above. The sampling formular used was EPI-INFO version 7 with a confidence interval of 95% and a power of 80%, which gave a sample of 113 participants. Data were gathered from 113 participants using a structured questionnaire that was distributed by the researcher and with the help of two people. The theoretical framework that was utilised in this study was the Health Belief Model, which submits the way beliefs guide individual actions and the process that people go through to change their behaviour The study was guided by ethical principles of beneficence, principle of respect for person and principle of justice. The research sought to determine the degree of knowledge regarding attitude and ii consumption of VCT services by male participants. The association between the data of the participants and other variables was tested using a Chi square. The participants in the study were men who had an average age of 30years. While 95.5% of the participants were knowledgeable about HIV/VCT, 60% had a negative attitude towards VCT, and 60% of the participants had never tested for HIV. The fear of positive results, stigma and discrimination, and confidentiality of test results if they were positive was reported as the main barrier for VCT uptake among men. Arguably, if male participation in accessing VCT services is to be enhanced, VCT programme should reduce, HIV stigma and improve access and trust towards VCT in the district. Other possible interventions are the setting up of regular home-based VCT programmes and the mainstreaming of HIV Testing Services in community development programmes. The chi-square test showed that the type of occupation has an influence on the knowledge of HIV. Finally, the study concluded that outreach programmes that target the testing of men should be encouraged or introduced by Community Based Organisations, and the Ministry of Health and Social Services.
Assessment of management of newborn babies with neonatal asphyxia at maternity units of a state hospital in Windhoek
(University of Namibia, 2018) Hanyanya, Johanna
Despite guidelines on essential and obstetric emergency care devised by the Ministry of Health and Social Services to address obstetric and neonatal related challenges in Namibia, the report on perinatal and neonatal death review of April 2010 - March 2012, indicated that birth asphyxia is in first position contributing 49.4 % to neonatal deaths. This reflects the severity of asphyxia as a public health concern in Namibia (MoHSS, 2014). The aim of the study was to assess the management of newborn babies with neonatal asphyxia at maternity units of a hospital in Windhoek. A quantitative, descriptive and retrospective study was used on a total population of 90 patients’ files who died due to asphyxia. The sample and the population were the same (90 numbers of patients’ files). Data were collected by means of a structured checklist, analyzed with Epi info 7, as software computer package for statistical analysis purpose and presented as descriptive statistics. The results of the study showed that there was a delay with early recognition and timely decision-making on the safer method of delivery especially for cases of breech presentations, cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) and prolonged first stage of labour. Referral of patients from district and regional hospitals to a national referral hospital takes too long. The results of the study further showed that many deliveries were conducted by registered midwives in the absence of a pediatrician or medical doctor. Recommendations were made with regard to improvement of knowledge and skills on maternal and neonatal care by health care providers in order to provide quality antenatal care to pregnant women, conduction of safe deliveries and provision of efficient care to the new-born babies who are at risk of asphyxia. Deliveries of cases at risk to be conducted with the presence of a paediatrician for expert resuscitation. Regulations of the referral system on maternal care should strictly be put in place regarding the hours mothers have to stay in labour after complications have been detected to prevent avoidable neonatal deaths especially due to asphyxia
Assessment of quality of midwifery care during labour at maternity departments of intermediate and refferral hospitals in Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2021) Nghifikwa, Jonia
Quality of midwifery care can be defined as care delivered by midwives, which is safe, effective, efficient, accessible, acceptable, patient-centred, equitable, and results in a positive pregnancy outcome. This research aims to assess the quality of midwifery care rendered during labour at the intermediate and referral hospital in Namibia. In Namibia, the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS) in particular, has come up with many interventions aiming to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Even though these programmes were implemented, the programme reviews conducted by MoHSS in 2016 identified some gaps in the quality of midwifery care and recommended the conduct of a second nationwide Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (EmONC) assessment. The main objectives of this study therefore were to describe the demographic profile, conclude the standard of midwifery care rendered during the first, second, third and fourth stages of labour by reviewing maternity records and analysing the standard of midwifery care rendered during the first, second, third and fourth stages of labour of the women who gave birth at intermediate and referral hospital from 01 January to 31 March 2018. The study was a retrospective study with a descriptive quantitative design conducted on 653 maternity records at the above mentioned hospitals. The findings revealed the age group from twenty to thirty-five to be the highest age group that gave birth i.e. (78.6%), while (10.7%) were adolescents and (10.7%) of the women aged above 36 years of age. This study indicated that (95%) of these women attended antenatal care. However, obstetric history indicates that the majority of the women who had delivered 391 (59.9 %), had two to four children, followed by those who gave birth for the first time 197 (30.2 %), while the lowest were those who had five or more children 65 (10.0%). Early opening of a partograph could lead to early identification of problems and plans for interventions. This study further shows that 402 (61.6%) partographs were mostly opened with women in the active phase of labour. Few partographs 33 (5.1%) were opened in the latent phase of labour. However, partographs that were opened, the study results revealed that not all were managed according to the WHO guidelines. Poor documentation of midwifery interventions and care was noted, suggesting poor midwifery care. Most of the deliveries 499 (76.4%) were normal vaginal deliveries, followed by 151 (23.1%) who had caesarean section deliveries. The rest had assisted deliveries with one breech delivery. According to the findings of this study it can be concluded that midwifery care rendered during labour at the studied hospitals was of substandard.
Assessment of the practices and experiences on mentorship and mentoring of nurse educators in the school of nursing, University of Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2023) Tjiurutue, Ingenesia Popii Vekuminina
Mentoring in nursing academia is receiving more attention as many senior academics are retiring and new nurse educators are joining nursing education. Mentoring is an important tool for clinical practice, nursing education, administration, and research that contributes to the competencies of many new nurse educators, who are recruited with a clinical background and little or no experience in an academic environment. It is expected for an expert nurse to become a novice in a new environment or role and needs mentoring to become an expert nurse educator. Despite the emphasis on the mentoring relationship among nursing academics, there is no established standard practice and nurse educators experience difficulty in their new role in the absence of mentoring. This study aimed to assess and describe the practices and experiences of nurse educators in the School of Nursing1 at the University of Namibia on mentorship and mentoring. The study adopted a comparative descriptive convergent parallel mixed method where quantitative and qualitative data were collected at the same time, analyzed separately, and merging occurred by comparing the two data sets and representing the merging results in a narrative discussion. The target population was nurse educators who were registered nurses by profession, teaching at the four campuses of the University of Namibia where the School of Nursing was established among the 12 campuses. The researcher opted for the same individuals in both quantitative and qualitative objectives that help to minimize threats during data collection and allowed the results to be compared. Likewise, both strands focused on the same study concepts of mentorship and mentoring to allow interpretation and comparison. For objective one, which was quantitative and focused on the practices, due to small population of nurse educators employed in the School of Nursing the total target population of 74 was included in the study as it was small and feasible for the researcher to contact everyone using a self-administered questionnaire. The target population was stratified as per campus and various teaching ranks. The mentees were nurse educators who were registered nurses by profession who had worked for less than five years at the School of Nursing while mentors should have worked for five years or more at the same school. The response rate for the quantitative strand was 82% (n= 40 questionnaires received out of 49 for the mentees and 96 % for the mentors (n=24 questionnaires received out of 25). Purposive sampling was done for objective two, which was qualitative to select the participants who participated in the semi-structured interviews at each campus as per respective study groups. For the qualitative strand, data saturation was determined per campus due to the different settings and heterogenous teaching ranks that had different experiences. A total of 36 mentees and 16 mentors participated across the different campuses. The interpretation of data sets shows convergent and discordant results in the quantitative data between the mentees and mentors in mentorship and mentoring practices. Likewise, similar four main themes emerged from both groups, with some variants of unique sub-themes across the groups. The quantitative results show that mentees and mentors agreed on mentorship practices but had discordant results on mentoring aspects as mentees disagreed with mentors’ positive ratings. Variables with significant p-values were identified and compared first within each group of mentees and mentors first and then finally with the finding from the qualitative data set. Equally, the qualitative results also had convergent and discordant results between mentees and mentors as well within each group supported by various sub-themes. The common approach of primary data analysis integration procedure was used. The representation of merging integration results was done by a side-by-side comparison of significant p- values of quantitative and main themes and sub-themes of the qualitative results through a narrative discussion. The discussion narrated how qualitative themes and sub-themes either confirm, disconfirm, or complemented the quantitative results or vice versa. This study concluded that mentoring and mentorship practices were described differently by mentors and mentees as well that positive and negative experiences emerged in both groups. Recommendations included the facilitation of good relationships as well as establishing trust, respect, and healthy communication between mentors and mentees. It was also recommended for the School of Nursing to have a school-specific orientation for nurse educators and develop a formal mentoring programme. Finally, there was a need to revisit the workload of nurse educators and develop a guideline for virtual mentoring of mentees
Clinical learning experiences of nursing degree students at public training hospitals in the Khomas region, Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2023) Kadhila, Joseph Galukeni
Clinical placement provides an opportunity for students to be socialised into the health system, achieve clinical skills in a real-life setting and observe the delivery of care by other healthcare professionals. Despite the obvious benefits of placements for students, poor relationships with the supervising nurse, environments that fail to promote belongingness and a lack of supervision hinder learning in the clinical setting. The purpose of the study was to assess the clinical learning experiences of nursing degree students practising in general wards at public training hospitals in the Khomas region of Namibia. The objective of the study was to explore and describe the clinical learning experiences of nursing degree students in general wards at public training hospitals in the Khomas region. The study aimed at answering the following central question: “What are your experiences during placement in general wards of the training hospitals in the Khomas region? The researcher selected a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design. Fifty-one participants from the undergraduate second, third and fourth years were recruited. Data collection included eleven (11) individual face-to face interviews and eight (8) Focus Group Discussions. Data was coded and analysed using Tesch’s method of data analysis. Four themes emerged from the exploration and description of nursing students ‘clinical learning experiences, namely, a non-conducive learning environment, negative staff attitude, communication barriers and shortage of staff. The results show that there were indeed constraints to learning in the clinical setting across all the years of study. Recommendations were made to the Nursing Education Institution, the training hospitals and the Ministry of Health and Social Services. Further research is needed on the clinical learning experiences of nursing students in other regions, the clinical learning experiences of male nurses and the lecturers’ experiences on clinical accompaniments.
An educational programme to facilitate critical thinking by the student nurse in Namibia
(2008) Pretorius, Louise
Summary provided by author
Effects of the shortage of midwives on performance and quality of care, in maternity ward, Rundu Intermediate hospital and Nyangana district hospital, Kavango East region
(University of Namibia, 2021) Kandjimi, Emilie
Midwives play a vital role in improving maternal and neonatal health. An adequate number of professional midwives is associated with improved quality of care and decreased maternal and newborn mortality. An increased workload due to the shortage of staff exposes midwives to unnecessary pressure, which might affect the quality of care they provide to patients. Addressing barriers that hinder midwives from providing quality care is a step towards improving the health care deliverance and hence, a step towards achieving the Millennium Developmental Goal (MDG) 5 and the Standard Developments Goal (SDG) 3. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the shortage of midwives on their performance and quality of care, in the maternity ward of Rundu Intermediate Hospital and Nyangana District Hospital, Kavango East Region, Namibia. A quantitative analytic descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a purposive, non-random sampling method on fourty (40) midwives, in which thirty-one (31) were from Rundu Intermediate Hospital and nine (9) from Nyangana District Hospital. A self-administered questionnaire was used. The results revealed that the major effects of the shortage of midwives on their performance were as follow: increases workload (100%), feelings of fatigue and emotional exhaustion (97.5%), increases stress levels (95%), causes burnout and moral distress (87.5%), increases job dissatisfaction (87.5%), decreases willingness to work (70%), causes high staff turnover (65%), decreases the ability to work (65%) and increases medical errors committed among midwives (60%). Moreover, late attendance to patients (95%), poor monitoring of patients’ conditions (92.5%), inadequate or poor patient care (90%), delay in treatment of patients (87.5%), delay in initiating emergency interventions (82.5%) and lack of performance in the implementation of the EmOC (Emergency Obstetric Care) guideline (82.5%), were among the effects of the shortage of midwives on the quality of care. Other effects on the quality of care included increase in mortality rate (i.e. still birth, neonatal and maternal death) (77.5%), unnecessary complications that delay recovery (75%), negative attitude of health workers towards patients (67.5%) and medical errors committed by midwives (67.5%). The study concluded that the shortage of midwives has negative effects on both midwives’ performances and quality of care. The study recommended the followings: the MoHSS and the professional councils to come up with proper midwife-to-patient ratio to reduce workload pressure; the human resource of the MoHSS to make provision of recruiting adequate staff in maternity sections; and provide adequate equipment to enhance performance of few staff. In addition, the obstetric care trainings need to be provided to all midwife staff prior to allocation to maternity sections. The MoHSS should make provision of a service that provides the midwives with emotional and psychological support, to assist them on coping with stress from work-related pressures and help them deal with their emotions. The MoHSS should also create a conducive working environment to attract more staff, therefore, overcome staff shortage, and eventually, minimise effects of the shortage of midwives.
Empowerment of nurse managers to facilitate change management during Namibian health sector reforms
(2005) Hofnie-//Hoëbes, K
An evaluation of the follow-up nursing care of adult cancer patients in the Windhoek area- a general nursing perspective
(1995) Katjire, Marjorie M.
Experiences of men diagnosed with Prostate cancer in the four northern regions of Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2015) Salomo, Salomo
Men diagnosed with prostate cancer have different experiences and express different emotions regarding their diagnosis. In daily conversations, some patients revealed that they were totally surprised by the diagnosis, others expressed that they were in denial, while some anticipated their diagnosis. As a result, a qualitative study aimed at exploring and describing the experiences of men diagnosed with prostate cancer was carried out in the four northern regions: Oshana, Ohangwena, Omusati and Oshikoto. A phenomenological, explorative and descriptive design was followed as the basis for conducting the study. The data was collected through in-depth interviews conducted at an intermediate hospital in the northern part of the country. A sample of ten (10) men diagnosed and living with prostate cancer was selected using a purposive sampling technique. The sample size was determined by saturation of data as reflected in repeating themes. Rich data on participants’ experiences with prostate cancer after being diagnosed was obtained through individual interviews. During these interviews, participants were asked only one central question: “What is your experience with prostate cancer after being diagnosed?” Interviews were tape recorded and field notes were taken during the interview to ensure that all experiences of the participants were captured. Communication skills were employed to encourage participants to verbalize their experiences regarding prostate cancer. Interview data was transcribed verbatim. The data was analysed according to Tesch’s eight steps of coding. The steps entail a process of breaking down, examining, comparing and categorizing the raw data. The researcher and an independent qualitative research expert carried out the coding. Four (4) themes emerged and form the study’s results. Measures to ensure trustworthiness, as proposed by Polit & Beck (2012), were used to ensure reliable and valid findings. It became evident that men diagnosed and living with prostate cancer had different experiences after their diagnoses, some experienced physical discomfort and physiological changes in their bodies. It was recommended that more emphasis should be put on supportive care towards men diagnosed with prostate cancer to reduce the burden of various experiences after being diagnosed with the disease. Community-based health education programmes on prostate cancer are needed to create awareness and knowledge on the disease. Individual approaches to assist men with their thoughts and feelings after being diagnosed with prostate cancer should be considered, as well as the incorporation of strategies to be more effective at obtaining social support. Existing misconceptions about prostate cancer that are likely to influence how men prioritize to cope with the diagnosis needs to be addressed. It is also recommended that a model to facilitate effective communication should be developed with the aim of improving interaction between nurses and doctors with men diagnosed and living with prostate cancers and their families.
Experiences of patients diagnosed with drug susceptible tuberculosis regarding lost to follow-up in Engela district, Ohangwena region
(University of Namibia, 2022) Venokulavo, Teresia Kakunavali
Lost to Follow-Up (LTFU) amongst Tuberculosis (TB) patients is referred to as a patient diagnosed with TB who interrupts treatment for two consecutive months or more. LTFU has been cited as a major risk factor for the re-emergence of TB strains resistant to first line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Namibia has been reporting increasing levels of patients LTFU over time, with some districts such as Engela reporting a 10% LTFU in quarter 4 of 2017 and 11% in quarter 1 of 2018 and constantly failing to attain the WHO recommended LTFU of below 5%. Patients diagnosed with drug-susceptible TB and registered for treatment after lost to follow up might have different experiences that can lead to them defaulting on treatment and being lost to follow up. Therefore, it was necessary to conduct a study aimed at exploring and describing the experiences of patients diagnosed with drug-susceptible and registered patients LFTU in Engela District, Ohangwena Region. Qualitative research with exploratory, descriptive and contextual designs were used in this study. The data was collected through in-depth interviews conducted at different sites in Ohangwena Region. A sample of 11 patients diagnosed with drug-susceptible TB and registered as patients LFTU were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The sample size was determined by saturation of data as reflected in repeating themes. Interviews were recorded and field notes were taken during the interview to ensure that all experiences of the participants were captured. The data was analysed using Tesch’s eight steps of coding. The results showed that patients diagnosed with drug-susceptible TB had different experiences that led to the patients being lost to follow up on TB treatment. Some patients experienced physical malaise prior to being diagnosed with TB, while others experienced chest pain. The participants iii became lost to follow up to their TB treatment for various reasons such as a lack of adequate information upon commencement of TB treatment and the importance of adherence to therapy, stigma at work and in the community, alcohol indulgence, a lack of proper nutrition and having travelled far away from the area where they initiated treatment. The study recommends the development of holistic LTFU mitigation strategies/interventions aimed at improving organisational and administrative health system challenges impeding health education delivery to patients and the communities and provision of patient-centred care by health care workers. Further, it is important to look into addressing stigma issues and changing labour policies and laws that disadvantage sick people in the workplace and lead them to default therapy.
Experiences of patients with chronic renal failure regarding hemodialysis in Oshana region, Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2024) Petrus, Auguste Ndapewoshali
Motivation: Hemodialysis is a life-sustaining procedure for the treatment of patients with chronic renal failure. Long-term hemodialysis therapy is very costly, time extensive and requires adherences to treatment regimens, fluids and dietary restrictions. This usually results in many limitations such as freedom, social life, physical activities and loss of financial income. These changes affect the whole person and may also affect how the patients on hemodialysis experienced it. All health care workers need to understand the experiences of patients on hemodialysis in order to give proper evidence based quality care. It is against this background that a descriptive study on the patient’s experiences with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis was undertaken. Aim: The overall aim of this study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis in the Oshana Region of Namibia with the intention of making recommendations on how to address future improper administration of hemodialysis procedures. Methods: The research design was qualitative, explorative, and descriptive in nature. The population consisted of participants who were diagnosed with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis, and purposive sampling was utilized. The data was collected through in-depth interviews conducted at an intermediate hospital in Oshakati. A total of twelve (12) participants were interviewed, and the data collection ended as saturation was reached. The sample size was determined by saturation of data as reflected in repeated themes. Data on participant’s experiences with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis was obtained through individual interviews. During these interviews, participants were asked one (1) central question: "What are your experiences as a patient with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis?” followed by probing questions to encourage the participants to expand on the given responses. Interviews were tape recorded and field notes were taken during the interview to ensure that all experiences of the participants were captured. Interview data was transcribed verbatim. The data was analyzed according to Tesch’s eight (8) steps of coding. Findings: The study findings were presented in six (6) main themes namely; diverse emotions and misconceptions regarding chronic renal failure and hemodialysis as v experienced by the participants, the effects of hemodialysis, challenges encountered by participants during hemodialysis treatment, experiences regarding lifestyle modification, experiences with regard to coping with the condition and strategies for improving the care of chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis. Findings revealed that hemodialysis patients have different experiences: experiences of lifestyle modification, experiences of physical discomfort and physiological body changes, problems and challenges such as financial burden. Recommendations: It was recommended that supportive care toward patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis should be emphasized to reduce the burden from various experiences. Community mobilization and health education programs as well as support groups to create awareness should be established to improve the quality of life, improve their knowledge to foster life style changes. Furthermore, there is a need for extensive and intensive research in this area
Experiences of patients with extensive drug-resistant Tuberculosis regarding prolonged isolation in a TB ward at a selected hospital in Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2021) Sirongo, Eine K H
The focus of this study is to understand the experiences of participants with Extensive Drug Resistance (XDR) regarding prolonged isolation. The participants with XDR-TB are admitted in isolation for a minimum of twenty (20) months in the hospital. Different factors contributed to the participants not adhering to the rules of isolation in the TB ward. The fact that the isolation TB ward does not have proper measures to keep patients enclosed imposes the risk of cross-infection to the public. The study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of patients with XDR-TB regarding prolonged isolation at a selected hospital in Namibia. The objectives of the study were to: Explore and describe the experiences of participants with XDR-TB regarding prolonged isolation at the TB ward at the selected hospital in Namibia. This study adopted a qualitative, explorative, descriptive, and contextual approach to understanding in-depth the participants’ experiences of being isolated for a longer period. A purposive sampling approach was used to select the study participants and saturation was achieved at seventh (7th) participants. The data was collected using face-to-face individual interviews and analyzed using the thematic content method of analysis. Four main themes became apparent after the data was analyzed: Isolation, Challenges regarding basic needs, Psychological Support, and Improved health status. This study concluded that the participants experienced some psychosocial problems due to prolonged isolation. Living in isolation deprived them of a normal social lifestyle which resulted in pain, loneliness, anxiety, fear and depression. It was also revealed that participants believed that completing XDR-TB treatment guaranteed them cured.
Experiences of patients with extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis regarding prolonged isolation in a TB ward at a selected hospital in Namibia.
(University of Namibia, 2021) Sirongo, Eine H.
The focus of this study is to understand the experiences of participants with Extensive Drug Resistance (XDR) regarding prolonged isolation. The participants with XDR-TB are admitted in isolation for a minimum of twenty (20) months in the hospital. Different factors contributed to the participants not adhering to the rules of isolation in the TB ward. The fact that the isolation TB ward does not have proper measures to keep patients enclosed imposes the risk of cross infection to the public. The study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of patients with XDR-TB regarding prolonged isolation at a selected hospital in Namibia. The objectives of the study were to: Explore and describe the experiences of participants with XDR-TB regarding prolonged isolation at the TB ward at the selected hospital in Namibia. This study adopted a qualitative, explorative, descriptive, and contextual approach to understanding in-depth the participants’ experiences of being isolated for a longer period. A purposive sampling approach was used to select the study participants and saturation was achieved at seventh (7th) participants. The data was collected using face-to-face individual interviews and analyzed using the thematic content method of analysis. Four main themes became apparent after the data was analyzed: Isolation, Challenges regarding basic needs, Psychological Support, and Improved health status. This study concluded that the participants experienced some psychosocial problems due to prolonged isolation. Living in isolation deprived them of a normal social lifestyle which resulted in pain, loneliness, anxiety, fear and depression. It was also revealed that participants believed that completing XDR-TB treatment guaranteed them cured.
Experiences of people with physical disabilities who participate in the community based rehabilitation (CBR) programme in Okamatapati community, Otjozondjupa Region
(2011) Shumba, Tonderai W.
Abstract provided by author
The experiences of the enrolled nurse, midwife and professional nurse (Tutors and clinical instructors) on the integration of the theoretical concept of caring into practice
(2011) Uusiku, Kaino-Nangula; ;
Factors associated with low Apgar score in newborn babies at a hospital in Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2022) Lungameni, Justina
All newly born infants have to go under examination after birth and again for five minutes to check how well they are tolerating the birth process and the environment outside the uterus. The study aimed to identify factors associated with low Apgar scores among newborn babies in Onandjokwe Intermediate Hospital. The quantitative, 1:1 ratio case-control matching, retrospective, a descriptive research design was used. The target population was cases of 376 maternal records with low Apgar scores. Simple random sampling methods were used to select the sample size for maternal records of low Apgar score babies which was 194 and for babies with normal Apgar scores 194 will give a total of 388 maternal records. Data were collected from June to August 2020 in Onandjokwe Intermediate Hospital using a document review checklist as the data collection tool. A pilot study was done on 10% of maternal records. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Dependent variables were analyzed using Binary Logistic Regression to measure changes in the Independent Variables and results were presented in tables and graphs in the form of frequencies and percentages. In this study, the level of significance was determined by factors with a p-value less than 0.05. The results show that 161 (82.9%) of newborn babies had a low Apgar score at immediate Apgar scoreand of these 30 (18.6%) had severe low Apgar score while 131 (81%) had moderate low Apgar score The demographic and maternal factors were significantly associated with immediate low Apgar scores were gravidity (p<0.021), parity (p<0.029), Haemoglobin during the first Ante-natal care (ANC) visit (p<0.011), Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) (p<0.004), membrane status (p< 0.000), duration of labour (p< 0.000), and neonatal factors include; gestational age (p<0.000) as well as birth weight (p<0.000). The results of Apgar scores after five minutes showed that 33 (8.5%) of newbornbabies had low Apgar scores and those with normal Apgar scores were 355 (91.5%). Factors associated with low Apgar scores at five minutes after birth are maternal age (p<0.015), urinary tract infection (UTI) (p<0.000), other pregnancy comcomplications<0.000), and gestational age (p<0.000) and birth weight (p<0.000). Binary Logistic regression model results show factors that were found to be strong predictors on immediate Apgar score are: total duration of labour (OR 4.263; 95% CI:2592-7.010; p-value=0.000), foetal presentation (OR 2.988; 95% CI: 1.182-7.554; p-value=0.021) and cord around the neck (OR 18.473, 95% CI;1.936-176.262; p-value=0.021). While after five minutes Apgar score, proper monitoring of partograph (OR 2.228; 95% CI:1.656-2.997, p-value=0.000) and gestational age (OR 1.475; 95% CI: 1.259-1.728; p-value=0.000) were the factors that increase chances of neonates persisting with a low Apgar score. Maternal and neonatal factors associated more with low Apgar scores are identified, the study concluded that in-service training for midwives on effective monitoring of pregnant women during antenatal care and labor is needed. In addition, health education about the importance of antenatal care would contribute more to the early detection of complications for prompt action.
Factors associated with relapse among mentally ill patients at intermediate hospital Oshakati, Oshana Region, Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2023) Katangolo, Hilma Nakashwa J.
Many patients suffering from mental illness receive treatment as outpatients, with their caregiver’s taking responsibility for their continuing care. Relapse due to mental illness has an impact on societal costs and many of these patients experience relapse throughout their life. The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with relapse among mentally ill patients according to the patients and their caregivers’ views at Intermediate Hospital Oshakati, Oshana Region, Namibia. This study employed a quantitative, cross sectional and analytical design to determine these factors. Data from caregivers were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and researcher administered questionnaire was used for patients. Respondents were recruited from the Outpatient Department at Oshakati Psychiatric Unit. A total of 396 respondents were sampled in the study by means of simple random sampling. Based on the information given by respondents, SPSS software was employed to summarise, evaluate, and analyse numerical information. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the greatest predictors for relapse on mentally ill patients at IHO. The dependent variable (relapse) and independent variables (factors) were entered into bivariate logistic regression to determine statistical association between these variables. Findings revealed that non-adherence to medication due to side effects, and the non-availability of medicines at rural areas makes it costly to travel, thereby leading to relapse. Substance use and lack of health education were found to be associated with relapse by both respondents group. The results show a strong correlation between stressful life events and relapse. Visual hallucination, inability to sleep were found to have an association with mental illness relapse (OR 2.94, 0.03 and OR, 0.22, p=0.00 respectively). Based on these findings, recommendations were made as follows: proper health education, home visits and provision of atypical antipsychotic.
Factors associated with stillbirths during intrapartum care at the Windhoek central hospital and intermediate hospital Katutura, Khomas region, Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2023) Runone, Kalista S.
Intrapartum stillbirths account for 1.3 million deaths worldwide, which is half of all stillbirths occurring during labour and delivery. NSA (2020), states that the current stillbirths’ rate in Namibia is not calculated due to the limitations of data. The present study investigated factors associated with stillbirths during intrapartum care at the Windhoek Central Hospital and Intermediate Hospital Katutura, Khomas region, Namibia. A quantitative, descriptive and retrospective study was used on a total population of 186 patients’ records of babies who died during labour and delivery. The sample and the population were the same (186 patients’ records). Data were collected by means of a structured checklist, analysed with SPSS 27, and presented as descriptive statistics in the form of frequency distributions of study variables. Furthermore, bivariate analyses in the form of Pearson Chi-Square test of association were obtained to determine whether there exists a significant association between variables. The study concluded that there was no association between the sociodemographic and obstetric factors, (mother’s place of residence, mode of baby delivery, presentation of a baby, mother’s age and gestational age) with stillbirths during intrapartum care. The study also found that there was a significant association between a fetal factor (placenta abruptio) and intrapartum stillbirths. The study also concluded that there was a substantial association between the modifiable factor (delay to provide care once the mother arrived at the health facility) with intrapartum stillbirth. The study also concluded that intrapartum stillbirths accounted for one third (30%) of the overall stillbirths in the study settings. Recommendations for further research to study the quality of intrapartum care given to women would provide a better indicator of the quality of maternal and new-born health services. With one-third of stillbirths occurring intrapartum, perinatal death evaluations (audits) should be encouraged and strengthened at the facility level. Standards for ANC and intrapartum care services should be strengthened to improve labour monitoring and quality care.
Interpersonal communication and caring experience with clients from the perspective of student nurses
(2000) Jun, Wu Ya; ;

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