Masters Degrees (DHA)

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A comparative study of the male and female discourses on adolescent pregnancy, sexuality and fertility in Groot Aub, Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2020) April, Jermine Letitia; Edwards-Jauch Lucy
This study offered unique insights into the gendered discourses and power relations that create sexual double standards between male and female adolescents. It focused on the mapping of male and female discourses on adolescent pregnancy, sexuality and fertility in Groot Aub, Namibia. The study used critical discourse analysis to compare the cultural values, norms, practices, and perceptions about adolescent sexuality, pregnancy and fertility between men and women. With the use of stratified purposive sampling technique, 41 participants were interviewed using semi-structured and key informant interviews. The findings showed the sexual double standards that were reinforced by patriarchal, traditional and religious discourses. Female sexuality was mostly shamed and it was blamed for teenage pregnancy. These discourses pathologised pregnant teenagers and constructed girls as being sexually promiscuous and damaged. In return, boys who impregnated girls were described as "the guy" or "the man", who acts out of his "natural desires" and who are easily bribed by older women into early sexual debuts. Thus, the lack of male responsibility for their sexuality and fertility was normalised. These discourses inform traditional practices which exasperate gender sexual inequalities and power imbalances between men and women. Furthermore, conservative traditional, cultural and religious discourses dominated adolescent fertility discourses in Groot Aub. These fertility discourses were found to be embedded in gender stereotypes and myths, hence, fostering cultural silence on male sexuality and fertility. The researcher recommends an all-inclusive approach that targets both adolescent girls and boys, as well as women and men in the community on Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) and teenage pregnancies to mitigate stigma, myths and stereotypes that are attached to adolescent SRH, and to transcend patriarchal and derogative cultural sexuality discourses
A study on the historical and contemporary significance of Omwele Gwoshipika among Aawambo communities
(University of Namibia, 2024) Hangula, Ndamian N.; Akawa-Shikufa, Martha
Omwele Gwoshipika is (or was) one of the celebrated objects of Aawambo material culture of the 19th to 20th century, and an object of historical status in the social and political structure of Aawambo communities. Omwele Gwoshipika excelled as a tool for the king to exercise political and social authorities in Aawambo subjects. The aftermath of Germany's colonial administration over Namibia from 1884 to 1915 has resulted in some of the Aawambo material culture being taken away to Germany. Omwele Gwoshipika was among the items taken away from the source communities to Germany in 1909 and kept in the Berlin Ethnographic Museum. The removal of Omwele Gwoshipika by the Germans as an instrument of authority in the royal delegation of power left a void in hierarchical representation of the king in the Aawambo kingdoms. This study attempts to establish the significance of Omwele Gwoshipika among the Aawambo communities, their views on its restitution to Namibia and it is design structure. The data of the study were collected using a qualitative research method, which incorporated focus group and semi-structured interview with groups and individual participants. The study found out that Omwele Gwoshipika has a very great historical significance in the world of kings1 . There is mixed feelings among Aawambo regarding the contemporary importance of Omwele Gwoshipika. The study established the excitement and joy among the Aawambo regarding the restitution of Omwele Gwoshipika and that the ancient design of Omwele Gwoshipika can be reinstated. Moreover, the study established mixed feeling whereby some Aawambo communities felt that the restitution of Omwele Gwoshipika is not valuable because the traditional and spiritual ways that used to keep Omwele Gwoshipika have been compromised. The study concluded that for Omwele Gwoshipika to be successfully re- integrated in use in Aawambo community with its original cultural characters, there are certain behavioural changes that Aawambo youth need to favour such as discipline, orderliness and adhering to the accepted standards of Aawambo cultural behavioural norms for the re-integration of Omwele Gwoshipika to be installed successfully among Aawambo communities’.
An assessment of the perceptions of residents on the governance of relocations in Okalongo settlement in Northern Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2024) Kapenambili, Johanna
The main aim of the study was to determine the different roles performed by those involved in the relocations carried out in the Okalongo Settlement. Additionally, it aimed to investigate the level of their involvement in the process and examine their expectations for the new arrangements. The researchers successfully collected and analyzed data by using a combination of methodologies. The study asked specific questions about the contributions made by stakeholders to the relocations and aimed to understand the various ways in which stakeholders participated in the relocation process within the Okalongo Settlement. Lastly, it sought to examine how well different stakeholders followed the established relocation procedures in Okalongo. A mixed-method approach was used to collect and analyze the data. The findings of the study showed that while some stakeholders fulfilled their assigned roles in the relocations, others did not fulfill their responsibilities adequately. Additionally, although a majority of stakeholders actively participated in the relocation process, some residents expressed dissatisfaction. The study also revealed that 62.5% of participants believed that stakeholders had adhered to the relocation procedures, while 53.5% agreed that stakeholders had followed these procedures. However, a significant percentage of 78.39% remained neutral about the adherence of stakeholders to the relocation procedures. Furthermore, a substantial 83.0% of respondents disagreed that communication with stakeholders was effective
An assessment of the socio-economic impacts of communities’ relocations: A case of the Nkurenkuru peri-urban area, Kavango west region, Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2025) Sinalumbu, Annastasia I; Bruno, Venditto
At a global level, the neglect of rural farming communities, spurred by insufficient support and accelerated by urban expansion and land reform policies, has led to a surge in significant community relocations. This phenomenon, trigger profound socioeconomic impacts that disrupt communities' access to essential resources, education, healthcare, housing, and employment opportunities. Amid this backdrop, the study critically investigates the socioeconomic effects of relocation, particularly focusing induced urban expansion on peri-urban communities in Nkurenkuru, Namibia. The study used a qualitative research design, and face-to-face interviews were carried out with 16 respondents who have experienced relocation in the area, and four key informants from the constituency. This provided a well-rounded perspective on the effects of relocation on households and the decision-making and implementation processes surrounding it. The Livelihoods Framework theory was used to interpret the findings, whereas thematic analysis was used to identify patterns and generate themes from the qualitative data, thus aiding in the explanation of the study's findings. The findings revealed that before relocation, the respective community members were involved in a lot of socio-economic activities for their livelihoods on the land such as crop and livestock farming. However, the relocation led to worsened living conditions and reduced access to vital services, with a significant drop in household income, financial stability, and food security being experienced. Based on these findings, the study advises future urban planning decisions to consider the potential socio-economic repercussions of relocation by underscoring the importance of including communities and stakeholders in the process. Recommendations are given for improved community engagement, wider access to essential services, and inclusive stakeholder communication to ensure the welfare of the affected communities. This study substantially adds to the understanding of peri-urban relocation issues shedding light on the specific challenges faced by these communities, thereby contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted dynamics of community relocations worldwide. The study highlights a clear need for governments to recognise and address the numerous negative effects associated with displacement, ranging from diminished living conditions to a lack of access to essential services
An assessment of the use of social media as a corporate communication tool by the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC)
(University of Namibia, 2021) Penna, Master M.; Mwilima, Fred J.
The study assesses the use of social media as a corporate communication tool by the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC). The main objectives of this study were to assess the social media platforms used by NBC as communication tools to engage with their audience. The study examined the extent to which NBC has adopted these social media platforms. Another objective was to determine how these social media platforms were being used by the Corporation. The study further appraised the quality and effectiveness of engagement with the audience by NBC through these media platforms. The study applied a mixed method approach in collecting data with a key informant interview being conducted with the executive and senior management of the NBC. Participants in the study comprised of five (5) Executive managers who were decision-makers and twelve (12) senior managers whom the researcher believed to be implementers of the executive decisions. The study established that all respondents who took part in the study had active social media accounts thus had the knowledge of social media and how it operates. The findings of the study indicated that the NBC subscribes to social media networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn and YouTube. It was further established in the study that NBC engaged its audience and stakeholders using these platforms with the purpose of communicating news and informing the public of upcoming programmes. Institutions such as the NBC are advised to initiate and enhance dialogue with their stakeholders on social media, create interesting and engaging content
An investigation into women’s economic empowerment in the blue economy: A case study of Omankete seafood processors in Walvis Bay, Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2025) Fololindo, Tjova Raulinda; Nhemachena, Artwell
Namibia's fishing industry is the third largest contributor to gross domestic product (GDP), accounting for approximately 20% of export earnings. Despite such stellar numbers, women are still not sufficiently empowered to gain economic opportunities in this industry due to a lack of knowledge and technical know-how and it being a male-dominated sector, hence the gender disparities. This study explored the opportunities and barriers to women’s economic empowerment in the fishing industry, including how their economic empowerment is perceived by women employed by Omankete Seafood Processors Pty (Ltd). The study contributes to the policy changes in the fishing industry. The study was informed by the Women Empowerment Framework (WEF), which aims to move towards gender equity and gender equality. Moreover, the framework takes into consideration the four dimensions of women’s empowerment, which are: women to access resources, exercise self-awareness, mobilize their rights, and control their environment. The study made use of the qualitative research methodology employing the case study approach. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, with a total of 28 participants (4 key informants and 24 female factory workers) through purposive sampling. The data was subjected to thematic analysis, from which it was determined that women do derive opportunities and benefits from the fishing industry in the form of monetary compensation and access to pension funds. Moreover, the study found that women are hindered from actively participating in the industry due to certain job opportunities only being available to men. Future studies will benefit from interviewing more fishing companies and employees employed in auxiliary services. This research aimed to examine opportunities for women’s economic empowerment in the Namibian fishing industry and explore constraints to women’s economic empowerment in the fishing industry. The research study further explored perceptions of the empowerment of women in the fishing industry
Assessing savanna shrub roots deployment using radiogenic strontium isotopes in the North-Eastern Kalahari, Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2024) Iipinge, Helalia N.; Nakanyala, J.
The belowground interaction between trees and grasses in the savanna biome and mechanisms of moisture and nutrient uptake are poorly understood due to methodological challenges. To fill this gap, this study tested the robustness of the radiogenic strontium isotope method to study plant roots. The study was carried out at a landscape level, in Northeastern, Namibia. Plant leaves of four randomly selected shrubs and their 16 nearest neighborhood shrubs were collected within a 20 m x 20 m plot for isotopic analysis. This was done to assess the method’s performance. The study characterised the belowground structure and roots deployment of 17 of the 20 shrubs, sampled for isotopic analysis. It also assessed soil isotope, soil physicochemical properties, and the distribution of root biomass and density. Soil isotopes and soil physicochemical properties were analysed in the laboratory from 50 samples taken from five soil cores (10 cm interval, down to 1 m depth). A total of 450 soil samples were taken from 45 soil cores, spaced 2.5 m in 5 transects to determine root density and biomass. Data analysis was done in R.4.2.1. Results showed a relatively poor soil nutrient at the study site, but a high concentration of nutrients was recorded in the first 50 cm soil profile, where 75% of the root biomass is invested. Comparable strontium ratios were recorded along the soil profile, which did not vary significantly with soil depth (p = 0.44). Results indicated that plants’ isotopic ratios are neither attributed to rooting depths, nor to plant species. This study concluded that the isotope method lacks precision to establish shrubs’ rooting depths for ecological studies. However, an overlap between sampled plants and soils’ Sr ratios was recorded at the site, which makes the results precise for studies with interest in geographical variations of isotopes such as archaeology.
A camelthorn and a rhinohorn: A laboratory theatre experiment of crafting and staging a dramatic event in namibia
(University of Namibia, 2019) Ndjavera, David
The purpose of this study was to satisfy the quest of uplifting the practical skills and the theoretical background of Namibian untrained actors. This research was structured to address both practical and theoretical components of the theatre process using laboratory theatre principles. The approach, the pursuit of quality theatre, resulted in the production of a play A Camel thorn and a Rhino horn. The challenge of the research was highlighting the need of the Namibian practising performing artists who had a backlog in systematic training/education in performance studies, which contributes to their limitations when performing as actors. Laboratory Theatre provides the artist through practical experiments, (ex peri = beyond boundaries) scientifically based answers pertaining to the theatrical/dramatic elements of playwriting (a wright is a maker e.g. shipwright = a maker of ships; playwright= a maker of plays). This practice-led research and implementation thereof followed and documented the creative process of staging A Camel thorn and a Rhino horn. Significant variables were identified in the study and where possible linked to a literature review. The findings of the study validated the laboratory theatre strategies developed before and during the exploration process. As an ongoing process, it introduces the artist to new and systematic approaches to theatre making. Actors experienced and gained insight and knowledge and the envisaged objectives were obtained. Participants’ testimonies recorded through interviews after the final presentation of the play attest to that. The theme to stage production allowed the researcher to critically engage the dramatic experience of the participants in the laboratory theatre process. The study recommends further utilisation of laboratory theatre elements in future dramatic events.
The challenge of HIV and AIDS to the church from ethical-theological and biblical perspectives
(University of Namibia, 2004) Samuel, Estevao
In this study we address the crisis of AIDS as it continues to be a great challenge to Christians everywhere. How should we think, speak, and act as Christians, after you have discovered that your spouse, or your child, or a brother or sister or father or mother is infected with HIV? What difference should my faith make in the midst of such a sad situation? What goal should the Church have in times of HIV/AIDS? Why being involved as the Church in HIV/AIDS? If being involved what will be the specific contributions of the Church? More specifically, what should we do as the Church in times of AIDS? Many Churches and people of other faiths have responded constructively and with profound compassion to the HIV/AIDS crisis. Studies have been undertaken, religious leaders have issued pastoral letters, diaconal programs have been organised, and hospital chaplaincies have been expanded. However, traditionally, talking about sexuality has to a large extent been taboo and statements issued by African Churches are carefully formulated to avoid meaningful discussion on human sexuality. From such a background, we shall maintain that the Church need to consider a range of approaches appropriate to the situations of different individuals, a changing morality, rapid urbanisation, industrialisation, the influence of African or Western culture, the liberal or traditional attitudes towards sex in villages, towns and cities, the influence of alcohol and drugs as contributing factors for daily HIV infections, as well as the use of soldiers and mercenaries, who raped many women and girls in many countries that are experiencing civil wars. The study will conclude by maintaining that Christian faith is a faith in a God who loves life. God became human so that human beings may have life in its fullness. There is little doubt that in the AIDS situation today, God would be on the side of life. God would not necessary demand immediate moral perfection from people, who, for various reasons, cannot yet measure to that ideal. To put it differently, the Word of God raises the possibility of making use of objects to our disposal in the search towards solutions. Therefore, let us light our lamps and take our brooms (Luke 15: 8-10) and go into the world in the search to find answers to the question, which of the possible courses of action best expresses the best way of being ‘a Christ’ in times of AIDS? The answer to this question in the words of Bonhoeffer is that the Church “is only the Church when it exists for others.”
Conservation of endangered species in Namibia: An investigation of factors contributing to the poaching of rhinos in the Etosha National Park
(University of Namibia, 2025) Moongela, Ephraim Auhamba; Shaanika, Theophilia
Rhino poaching remains a critical conservation and security challenge in Southern Africa, threatening the survival of rhino populations and undermining conservation efforts. While extensive research has been conducted on wildlife poaching at the global and regional levels, there is a significant gap in understanding the specific socio economic, legal, and governance-related factors contributing to rhino poaching in the Etosha National Park (ENP), Namibia. This study aimed to fill this gap by investigating the key drivers of rhino poaching, assessing the weaknesses in existing conservation measures, and proposing effective policy recommendations to mitigate the crisis. The study was underpinned by Routine Activity Theory to explain the motivations behind poaching and Environmental Governance Theory to frame the effectiveness of conservation policies and law enforcement strategies. A qualitative research strategy was employed, focusing on in-depth thematic analysis. The study population comprised employees under the Directorate of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP) within the Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism (MEFT) as well as business and middle-aged individuals residing within a 150 km radius of ENP. Non probability and snowball sampling techniques were used to identify key informants, resulting in 18 in-depth interviews from an initial target of 20 respondents. The findings reveal that economic desperation, high black-market prices for rhino horns, corruption and bribing within law enforcement agencies, and the exploitation by criminal syndicates are the primary factors driving poaching in ENP. Additionally, weak law enforcement and legal loopholes enable persistent poaching, as inconsistent penalties fail to deter offenders. The study further identified a lack of comprehensive intelligence-sharing mechanisms among regional and international stakeholders, which exacerbates the challenge of controlling the illicit wildlife trade. To mitigate rhino poaching, the study recommends strengthening legislative frameworks to impose harsher penalties, enhancing community-based conservation programs to provide sustainable alternative livelihoods, and integrating advanced technology, including drones, real-time GPS tracking, and CCTV surveillance, into anti-poaching strategies. Furthermore, fostering international cooperation and intelligence-sharing can play a crucial role in disrupting the supply chain of illicit wildlife products. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by bridging the gap in localized research on rhino poaching in Namibia, offering a multidisciplinary perspective that integrates criminology, conservation science, and policy analysis
Contribution of civilians towards the liberation struggle in Oshikoto and Ohangwena regions, Namibia, 1966 - 1989.
(University of Namibia, 2024) Tilenge, Cornelia Panduleinge; Gwasira, Goodman
The main purpose of the research was to look at how civilians contributed to the liberation struggle of Namibia in the Oshikoto and Ohangwena regions from 1966 to 1989. This qualitative study delves into the intricate dynamics of civilian experiences during Namibia's liberation struggle in the Ohangwena and Oshikoto regions from 1966 to 1989. Utilizing structured interviews with 21 purposively and snowball- sampled participants, the research unveils multifaceted civilian contributions, notably the crucial sustenance provided to the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) guerrillas. Despite facing challenges like curfews and violence-related laws, civilians exhibited resilience and adaptability, underscoring their unwavering commitment to the liberation cause. Challenges encompassed heightened insecurity, shortages, legal restrictions, and communication difficulties, revealing the complex realities faced by civilians. The factors influencing civilian participation varied, including spirituality, historical violence, conflicting theories of violence, material landscapes, constrained liberation agendas, and economic considerations. This study contributes significantly to the understanding of civilian agency in liberation movements, emphasizing the nuanced and complex dynamics shaping historical narratives. Four keywords: Namibia, Liberation Struggle, Civilian Contributions, Motivations. The study recommended the engagement of individuals actively involved in the liberation struggle to provide richer insights into personal experiences, motivations, and challenges. These narratives can complement existing literature and deepen the study. The study suggests expanding the exploration of the liberation struggle by incorporating diverse perspectives from various ethnic, gender, and age groups. This inclusive approach is essential for fostering a more representative understanding of the varied experiences of civilians. Additionally, the research recommends further delving into archival materials, official documents, and records from the Ohangwena and Oshikoto regions. This additional investigative effort aims to gain valuable insights into specific actions, policies, and events that transpired during the liberation struggle, enhancing the overall depth and comprehensiveness of the historical analysis.
Diaconal ministry in Namibia: Challenges from the perspective of the Evangelical Lutheran church in the Republic of Namibia (ELCRN)
(University of Namibia, 2001) Isaak, Cornelius F.
This investigative and evaluative study aims at contributing to the ongoing dialogue on the necessity to have a diaconal ministry within the framework of the overall mission of the church under discussion (the ELCRN). A further aim is to present some workable proposals and recommendations for the revitalization of this much-needed ministry under the umbrella of the said Church in particular, but also to have a message to the Church of the Lord in Namibia. The assumption is made and the hypothesis developed that a diaconal ministry is without doubt part and parcel of the mission of the Church. This necessitates rethinking on the current problems encountered and a new look at the Church’s structures, plan of action and future vision - in view of the establishment of an effective diaconal ministry. The operating of an effective diaconal action is in line with the cross-bearing responsibility of the Church. Any ideas to the effect that the State ought to take over all responsibilities for the social needs of people after independence, is to belittle such a costly obligation and mission of the Church. The thesis thus argues that there is a great need and urgency to have an effective diaconal ministry, particularly in the ELCRN. This argument is firstly developed by giving a historical background of the Church under review, particularly its humble beginnings of which the missionaries laid the foundations - including the current dispensation and problems within the said ministry. The purpose is to show that evangelization in Namibia was started not only to ‘convert the heathen’ but to provide also in the bodily needs of the African people, and that this legitimate diaconal function of the Church should still be taken very seriously The biblical and theological basis of this ministry will be reviewed in Chapter 2, having Luke 10:25-37 as point of departure, backed by Mk. 16:15 and John 21:15-17, which is the Great Commission and Commandment respectively. Chapters 3 and 4 will cover a critical discussion of various insights gained from the extensive research done by the World Council of Churches on this subject. Arguments in these studies have again been based on the findings of workshops held in Africa, thus representing the African understanding of diakonia and the way of doing it. The impact of the Holy Spirit, an essential element in the mission and ministry of the Church, will be dealt with in Chapter 5. Chapter 6, is based on Crafford’s theological and professional analysis of a responsible church diakonate (a far cry from the soup-kitchen mentality within traditional approaches), and forms a prelude for Chapter 7, which will argue the case for a new vision within the diaconal ministry. In conclusion it is argued that the diaconal ministry is not really the business of only a few staff members at a central institution, but is in fact the total obligation and responsibility of all Christians nation-wide and for the purpose of this study, specifically for the overall Church membership of the ELCRN. Now is the time, the “kairos” for the clergy and laity of the church to join hands for this most important ministry.
Documenting a creative process: rust as means to create innovative textiles for fashion/art
(University of Namibia, 2022) Claasen, Chakirra
This practice-based research follows and documents an individual creative process. Rust was used as a means to create innovative textiles which were used to create a collection of garments and accessories that challenges the dual identity of fashion as art. This research consists of a practical as well as a theoretical component aimed at producing a reference of the creative process for the fashion, textile and art industries in Namibia as there are limited resources and the fashion industry needs to be innovative as well as creative. This study’s creative process was compared to Wallas’ four stages of creativity that includes preparation, incubation, illumination and verification. Wallas’ theory was also compared to other existing theories on creativity. These theories were then compared to this studies documentation of the creative process in order to create a theory that can be applied by Namibian artists and designers from a Namibian perspective. The creative process was documented to highlight the challenges and practice that a designer follows in order to create new and authentic design outcomes. For the practical component, this study followed a creative process that involved textile manipulation and rust dyeing that formed part of a collection of garments and accessories that were exhibited in a gallery as fashion/art. The preparation and production of garments and the exhibition were documented through a series of extensive photographs that in turn formed the data that is discussed in the thesis with regards to the creative process. The research highlights the importance of following a creative process in order to create new and authentic Namibian design identities that have an impact locally as well as abroad even though each creative process can be unique to the individual.
Documenting the history and practices of animal skin tanning and leather conservation among the Ovahimba and Ovaherero communities in Kaoko, Kunene region, Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2024) Nghishiko, Johanna N.
This study delves into the traditional practices of animal skin tanning and leather conservation among the Ovaherero and Ovahimba communities, Bantu-speaking groups that settled in Namibia during the early 16th century. Spanning from the 19th to the 21st century, it aims to document the historical evolution of these practices within these communities. Skin and leather have held a profound significance in Ovaherero culture, serving purposes ranging from clothing to shelter and adornment. The study employed an ethnographic research methodology, and the findings reveals that these materials not only signify cultural identity but also reflect societal traditions, landscapes, and available resources. However, colonialism, formal education, Christianity, and climate change have exerted significant influences, leading to the alteration or abandonment of traditional practices such as leather-making. Despite these challenges, communities have persisted in sourcing skins from wildlife and domesticated animals, utilizing animal fat mixed with herbs and minerals for preservation. The study concludes that the enduring practice of skin tanning and leather conservation among these communities embodies resilience and facilitates intergenerational knowledge transfer. Through their daily activities, community members uphold leather as a tangible link to their heritage, preserving its intrinsic cultural value while navigating the complexities of modernity
Evaluating the Government of Namibia social media use policy and implementation plan
(University of Namibia, 2021) Nakanduungile, Ester; Akpabio, Eno
The Social Media Use Policy (SMUP) ofNamibia and the Implementation Plan was developed for implementation in 2016 by ministries, offices, and agencies, local as well as regional authorities to assist the Namibian government to utilise social media as an aid to effective citizens' engagement as well as to guide the manner in which social media is to be used. The aim of this study was to assess the SMUP and the implementation plan by determining whether each government entity does recognize and implement the social media use policy, identifying the main types of social media platforms established and used by government agencies, examining the level of adherence to guidelines in the use of social media by government communicators and evaluating whether the selected social media strategies reflect minimum standard components as established by the SMUP. To collect and analyze relevant data, a mixed-methods research approach was adopted that involved interviews with government public relations practitioners, survey of social media users in Namibia as well as document analysis of government departments' social media reports and sites. The main findings of the study were conclusive of the fact that despite various types of social media prescribed by the SMUP, Facebook was mainly utilised by government institutions. In addition, the level of influence and engagement with citizens via social media was found to be below expected levels in relation to the number of social media users in the country. This findings point to the fact that government institutions are not entirely adhering to the SMUP guidance. While the present study was a broad national overview, it should be replicated regionally to help identify weaknesses and track progress towards speeding up the effectiveness of social media in service delivery to the citizenry
Evaluating the Government of Namibia social media use policy and implementation plan
(University of Namibia, 2021) Nakanduungile, Ester; Akpabio, Eno
The Social Media Use Policy (SMUP) ofNamibia and the Implementation Plan was developed for implementation in 2016 by ministries, offices, and agencies, local as well as regional authorities to assist the Namibian government to utilise social media as an aid to effective citizens' engagement as well as to guide the manner in which social media is to be used. The aim of this study was to assess the SMUP and the implementation plan by determining whether each government entity does recognize and implement the social media use policy, identifying the main types of social media platforms established and used by government agencies, examining the level of adherence to guidelines in the use of social media by government communicators and evaluating whether the selected social media strategies reflect minimum standard components as established by the SMUP. To collect and analyze relevant data, a mixed-methods research approach was adopted that involved interviews with government public relations practitioners, survey of social media users in Namibia as well as document analysis of government departments' social media reports and sites. The main findings of the study were conclusive of the fact that despite various types of social media prescribed by the SMUP, Facebook was mainly utilised by government institutions. In addition, the level of influence and engagement with citizens via social media was found to be below expected levels in relation to the number of social media users in the country. This findings point to the fact that government institutions are not entirely adhering to the SMUP guidance. While the present study was a broad national overview, it should be replicated regionally to help identify weaknesses and track progress towards speeding up the effectiveness of social media in service delivery to the citizenry
Exploring mechanisms to improve female parliamentarians’ participation in decision-making: Case study of Namibian National Assembly
(University of Namibia, 2024) Kaputu, Tjara
The study aimed to explore mechanisms to improve female parliamentarians’ participation in decision-making, propose way to assist female parliamentarians to effectively participate in substantive decision-making and explore measures that can facilitate women’s active role in participating in legislative processes. The study employed a qualitative research approach using a case study design. This research design provided a contextual, in-depth information on the why and how questions that could provide great insights and was useful for understanding mechanisms in place to assist female parliamentarians to effectively participate in substantive decision making. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data for the study. The data was analysed using thematic data method, which was accomplished by searching a data set for repeated patterns, analysing them, and reporting them using themes. The study findings revealed that there some mechanisms in place (such as: as framework laws, governmental programs, national action plans, and the establishment of gender equality committees) to improve female parliamentarians’ participation in decision making. However, despite these mechanisms, female parliamentarians continue to face obstacles when attempting to table, defend, and pass motions in parliament. The obstacles identified include lack of confidence, language barriers (low level of fluency in official language), lack of exposure to national and international debates, and party structures (how members are ranked in the party). The study therefore concluded that the system needs to ensure that female parliamentarians are on party lists. Female parliamentarians require a strong women's movement as well as collaboration between civil society organisations and political parties, to advocate for women. The study also suggests that female parliamentarians be exposed to exchange visits in order to learn from other female legislators. A critical recommendation is for female parliamentarians to avoid political affiliation as a ground rule for opposing female ideas or motions, and political party rules/agenda should not interfere with a country's national platform to solve national issues
Exploring time-travel in children’s literature: The case study of when you dance with the crocodile by Erna Muller and crusade in jeans by Thea Beckman
(University of Namibia, 2024) Sikuvi, Rebecca N.
This thesis provides a comparative analysis of the novels When you Dance with the Crocodile (2012) by Erna Muller and Crusade in Jeans (1973) by Thea Beckman. The two novels were purposefully selected because they primarily characterise children or young people as protagonists. Additionally, the novels were selected because of the recurring themes of historical time travel. The major objectives of the study were to analyse the presentation of historical time travel elements in the selected novels and to explore the different methods of time travel used in both novels. This was done through the theory of narratology and mythology. The study then employed a qualitative desktop analysis, and data was analysed using a thematic content analysis, which was systemised into different themes to ease the data analysis and presentation process. The study observed that although the themes in both novels are similar, each novel presents the themes in a unique manner. In Crusade in Jeans (1973), it was found that historical time travel embarked on by the protagonists was a result of a scientific experiment with the hope of providing results and answers to scientific questions pertaining to time travel beyond human comprehension. On the other hand, historical time travel in When you Dance with the Crocodile (2012), accidentally happens with the main characters not knowing they would be going back in time, but just playing a computer game, and this consequently provides an opportunity for a nuanced scientific discovery from video game experiments. Among the themes that emerged in the study are child endangerment, credulity in religion and tradition, and magic and heresy. Further research recommendations are to employ a rhetorical theory analysis to futuristic time travel in children’s literary narratives
Frederick b. Philander: An exploration of his contribution to Namibian theatre (1979-2021)
(University of Namibia, 2024) Nehemia, Melgisedek
The purpose of this study was to explore Frederick B. Philander's contribution to Namibian theatre from 1979 to 2021. The study was intended to fill a gap in Namibian theatre history. In-depth interviews were done with Frederick B. Philander and theatre practitioners familiar with Frederick B. Philander's theatre practices. This study utilised archival information and written documentation of his work. The outcomes of the study indicated that Frederick B. Philander made important contributions to Namibian theatre over the aforementioned years. Philander's contribution includes a legacy that continues on in the current generation of theatre practitioners to whom he provided acting and staging opportunities. Philander has made significant contributions to the promotion of theatre outside of Namibia's borders. Philander is a theatre practitioner who has written and performed various plays that have been published. Philander established several theatre groups such as Windhoek Theatre Association, Windhoek Players, Serpent Players and CAN, and also chaired Assitej-Namibia. Philander was the first ‘black’ Namibian playwright to have published his plays. He also broke the pillars of apartheid when he staged the first ‘non-white’ play in an ‘all-white’ theatre. He further staged a controversial play The Beauty Contest, in which Philander and co- star appeared naked on stage. The research further found the need to document the work of theatre practitioners who have been active in the Namibian theatre, such as Vickson Hangula, Laurinda Olivier- Sampson, Sandy Rudd, Senga Brockerhoff, and Tanya Terblanche and others. These practitioners have been active in Namibian theatre over the years by writing plays and staging productions. Therefore, they deserve to be documented. It should be noted that theatre is still ongoing in Namibia at the time of this research, therefore it needs to be documented constantly
The impact of remittances on the rural household poverty in Namibia: A case of Ohangwena constituency, Ohangwena region
(University of Namibia, 2023) Kashimba, Emilia Floriana
Migration is a global concern that impacts the socio-economy of any country. Migration occurs at international and internal levels. It is known to put pressure on a country's resource allocation when proper planning has yet to be done; it may affect development. A large portion of migration involves internal migration from rural to urban areas for economic reasons. In some countries, migration is also known as a strategy to reduce poverty in rural areas through remittances. This thesis sought to investigate the impact of remittances on rural household poverty in Namibia, and a case study in the Ohangwena constituency, Ohangwena region, was conducted. The study's objectives were to identify the nature of remittances sent by migrants to the rural household, to explore the uses of remittances in the rural household, and to investigate the impact of the remittances on the rural household. The study used a qualitative approach to collect data. A sample of 20 rural households was selected using a snowball sampling procedure. Data was collected using an interview guide through key informants per rural household. The study revealed that many rural households receive cash, food, materials, goods, and equipment remittances. The study also found that remittances are used to improve the living standards of the rural household, as most participants have mentioned buying food for consumption in the household as one of the primary uses of remittances. Others were paying bills, agricultural purposes, improving housing structures, and many more. The findings have also revealed that remittances positively impact the rural household as they have enhanced many rural households after migration, such as improved employment rates, food security, income, health, and education, and the household's general well-being. One of the study recommendations is for development planners to mainstream migration in development plans to improve rural poverty and achieve rural development

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