Department of Humanities and Arts

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An assessment of the perceptions of residents on the governance of relocations in Okalongo settlement in Northern Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2024) Kapenambili, Johanna
The main aim of the study was to determine the different roles performed by those involved in the relocations carried out in the Okalongo Settlement. Additionally, it aimed to investigate the level of their involvement in the process and examine their expectations for the new arrangements. The researchers successfully collected and analyzed data by using a combination of methodologies. The study asked specific questions about the contributions made by stakeholders to the relocations and aimed to understand the various ways in which stakeholders participated in the relocation process within the Okalongo Settlement. Lastly, it sought to examine how well different stakeholders followed the established relocation procedures in Okalongo. A mixed-method approach was used to collect and analyze the data. The findings of the study showed that while some stakeholders fulfilled their assigned roles in the relocations, others did not fulfill their responsibilities adequately. Additionally, although a majority of stakeholders actively participated in the relocation process, some residents expressed dissatisfaction. The study also revealed that 62.5% of participants believed that stakeholders had adhered to the relocation procedures, while 53.5% agreed that stakeholders had followed these procedures. However, a significant percentage of 78.39% remained neutral about the adherence of stakeholders to the relocation procedures. Furthermore, a substantial 83.0% of respondents disagreed that communication with stakeholders was effective
An analysis of policies, practices and trends in Namibian theatre in the late 20th century, with specific empasis on the work of bricks, Frederick Philander and Aldo Behrens
(University of Namibia, 2016) Olivier-Sampson, Laurinda D.
The study aimed to demonstrate the ways that theatre in Namibia was conceptualized, managed and performed from the mid-1980s to the turn of the century, a period spanning two distinct political dispensations: the pre-independence period of apartheid and foreign domination, and the post-independence era of democracy and a professed promotion of cultural diversity in unity. The operating assumption is that theatre always reflects a specific structure of feeling because it operates in a particular socio-political context and historic moment. In Namibia theatre was influenced by bureaucratic policies, or as appears to be the case after independence, by an apparent lack of clarity as far as a policy for the arts, and theatre in particular, was concerned. The researcher attempted to achieve the above aims by an analysis of the policies, practices and trends in Namibian theatre in the late 20th century, with specific emphasis on the work of Bricks, Frederick Philander and Aldo Behrens. The motivation for focusing on said theatre practitioners is that they were a constant presence in Namibian theatre throughout most of the period covered by the research and they represent both the formal and informal sectors. The research design was situated within an interpretivist paradigm, and employed qualitative data collection methods of interviews, questionnaires and an intensive documents’ search. This was in order to gather empirical evidence to establish the status and practice of theatre in the country; and to find out if the performances during the identified periods reflected the material reality of people in Namibia. The population was persons who, apart from those in institutionalized positions, influenced the development of theatre in Namibia during the periods that the research refers to. The research concluded that theatre in pre-independent Namibia during the time covered by this research reflected two different structures of feeling namely that of oppressor and oppressed. Performances of the theatre makers under consideration had a common theme, that of rejecting occupation and anticipating liberty. Expectations of radical improvement in the lot of informal and grassroots performers after independence did not happen which led to gradual disillusionment in government’s interest in the plight of artists. The lack of an official policy led to a lack of direction for the arts, planning seemed to lack continuity and forward thinking and the only discernible aim was the strengthening of traditional culture in an attempt at nation building. The study also found that trends in Namibia were largely echoed in other postcolonial African countries.
A camelthorn and a rhinohorn: A laboratory theatre experiment of crafting and staging a dramatic event in namibia
(University of Namibia, 2019) Ndjavera, David
The purpose of this study was to satisfy the quest of uplifting the practical skills and the theoretical background of Namibian untrained actors. This research was structured to address both practical and theoretical components of the theatre process using laboratory theatre principles. The approach, the pursuit of quality theatre, resulted in the production of a play A Camel thorn and a Rhino horn. The challenge of the research was highlighting the need of the Namibian practising performing artists who had a backlog in systematic training/education in performance studies, which contributes to their limitations when performing as actors. Laboratory Theatre provides the artist through practical experiments, (ex peri = beyond boundaries) scientifically based answers pertaining to the theatrical/dramatic elements of playwriting (a wright is a maker e.g. shipwright = a maker of ships; playwright= a maker of plays). This practice-led research and implementation thereof followed and documented the creative process of staging A Camel thorn and a Rhino horn. Significant variables were identified in the study and where possible linked to a literature review. The findings of the study validated the laboratory theatre strategies developed before and during the exploration process. As an ongoing process, it introduces the artist to new and systematic approaches to theatre making. Actors experienced and gained insight and knowledge and the envisaged objectives were obtained. Participants’ testimonies recorded through interviews after the final presentation of the play attest to that. The theme to stage production allowed the researcher to critically engage the dramatic experience of the participants in the laboratory theatre process. The study recommends further utilisation of laboratory theatre elements in future dramatic events.
The challenge of HIV and AIDS to the church from ethical-theological and biblical perspectives
(University of Namibia, 2004) Samuel, Estevao
In this study we address the crisis of AIDS as it continues to be a great challenge to Christians everywhere. How should we think, speak, and act as Christians, after you have discovered that your spouse, or your child, or a brother or sister or father or mother is infected with HIV? What difference should my faith make in the midst of such a sad situation? What goal should the Church have in times of HIV/AIDS? Why being involved as the Church in HIV/AIDS? If being involved what will be the specific contributions of the Church? More specifically, what should we do as the Church in times of AIDS? Many Churches and people of other faiths have responded constructively and with profound compassion to the HIV/AIDS crisis. Studies have been undertaken, religious leaders have issued pastoral letters, diaconal programs have been organised, and hospital chaplaincies have been expanded. However, traditionally, talking about sexuality has to a large extent been taboo and statements issued by African Churches are carefully formulated to avoid meaningful discussion on human sexuality. From such a background, we shall maintain that the Church need to consider a range of approaches appropriate to the situations of different individuals, a changing morality, rapid urbanisation, industrialisation, the influence of African or Western culture, the liberal or traditional attitudes towards sex in villages, towns and cities, the influence of alcohol and drugs as contributing factors for daily HIV infections, as well as the use of soldiers and mercenaries, who raped many women and girls in many countries that are experiencing civil wars. The study will conclude by maintaining that Christian faith is a faith in a God who loves life. God became human so that human beings may have life in its fullness. There is little doubt that in the AIDS situation today, God would be on the side of life. God would not necessary demand immediate moral perfection from people, who, for various reasons, cannot yet measure to that ideal. To put it differently, the Word of God raises the possibility of making use of objects to our disposal in the search towards solutions. Therefore, let us light our lamps and take our brooms (Luke 15: 8-10) and go into the world in the search to find answers to the question, which of the possible courses of action best expresses the best way of being ‘a Christ’ in times of AIDS? The answer to this question in the words of Bonhoeffer is that the Church “is only the Church when it exists for others.”
The contribution of the arts association to the theatre in the then South West Africa, 1947 - 1967
(University of Namibia, 2018) Van Der Smit, Sussana Alletta
This dissertation offers a comprehensive account of the origin, nature and development of theatre under the auspices of the Arts Association as a cultural activity in South West Africa as it was called until 1968. In 1947 a branch of the South African Association of Arts, a Fine Arts organisation in South Africa was established in Windhoek, South West Africa. The association organised and developed the Performing Arts in addition to the Visual Arts. The Arts Association saw theatre as a neutral area where they could foster closer mutual relationships between the different European language groups. The biggest achievement of the Arts Association was undoubtedly the sustained development of theatre in Windhoek, which culminated in the erection of the Arts Theatre (1960) and the Art Centre and Gallery (1965). The research revealed that the Arts Association practiced theatre similar to that of South Africa, e.g., the South West Africa theatre practitioners relied heavily on South African playwrights for available texts. Data for this research was gathered from the available primary sources in the archives and newspapers. The significance of this investigative research lies in the fact that this study marks a beginning in the historiography of Namibian theatre, setting up an official database for a portion of Namibian theatre history. The dissertation is a first documentation of the early historical development of theatre in South West Africa. There is information on theatre arts that needs to be addressed urgently before vital information is lost. This study can be used by the theatre students in the Department of Visual and Performing Arts and elsewhere. This dissertation intends to increase understanding, appreciation and critical perception of theatre in South West Africa. The dissertation is not meant to be a complete recording of the Namibian theatre development, but an attempt to interest other researchers to continue with the documenting of Namibia’s theatre history.
Diaconal ministry in Namibia: Challenges from the perspective of the Evangelical Lutheran church in the Republic of Namibia (ELCRN)
(University of Namibia, 2001) Isaak, Cornelius F.
This investigative and evaluative study aims at contributing to the ongoing dialogue on the necessity to have a diaconal ministry within the framework of the overall mission of the church under discussion (the ELCRN). A further aim is to present some workable proposals and recommendations for the revitalization of this much-needed ministry under the umbrella of the said Church in particular, but also to have a message to the Church of the Lord in Namibia. The assumption is made and the hypothesis developed that a diaconal ministry is without doubt part and parcel of the mission of the Church. This necessitates rethinking on the current problems encountered and a new look at the Church’s structures, plan of action and future vision - in view of the establishment of an effective diaconal ministry. The operating of an effective diaconal action is in line with the cross-bearing responsibility of the Church. Any ideas to the effect that the State ought to take over all responsibilities for the social needs of people after independence, is to belittle such a costly obligation and mission of the Church. The thesis thus argues that there is a great need and urgency to have an effective diaconal ministry, particularly in the ELCRN. This argument is firstly developed by giving a historical background of the Church under review, particularly its humble beginnings of which the missionaries laid the foundations - including the current dispensation and problems within the said ministry. The purpose is to show that evangelization in Namibia was started not only to ‘convert the heathen’ but to provide also in the bodily needs of the African people, and that this legitimate diaconal function of the Church should still be taken very seriously The biblical and theological basis of this ministry will be reviewed in Chapter 2, having Luke 10:25-37 as point of departure, backed by Mk. 16:15 and John 21:15-17, which is the Great Commission and Commandment respectively. Chapters 3 and 4 will cover a critical discussion of various insights gained from the extensive research done by the World Council of Churches on this subject. Arguments in these studies have again been based on the findings of workshops held in Africa, thus representing the African understanding of diakonia and the way of doing it. The impact of the Holy Spirit, an essential element in the mission and ministry of the Church, will be dealt with in Chapter 5. Chapter 6, is based on Crafford’s theological and professional analysis of a responsible church diakonate (a far cry from the soup-kitchen mentality within traditional approaches), and forms a prelude for Chapter 7, which will argue the case for a new vision within the diaconal ministry. In conclusion it is argued that the diaconal ministry is not really the business of only a few staff members at a central institution, but is in fact the total obligation and responsibility of all Christians nation-wide and for the purpose of this study, specifically for the overall Church membership of the ELCRN. Now is the time, the “kairos” for the clergy and laity of the church to join hands for this most important ministry.
Documenting a creative process: rust as means to create innovative textiles for fashion/art
(University of Namibia, 2022) Claasen, Chakirra
This practice-based research follows and documents an individual creative process. Rust was used as a means to create innovative textiles which were used to create a collection of garments and accessories that challenges the dual identity of fashion as art. This research consists of a practical as well as a theoretical component aimed at producing a reference of the creative process for the fashion, textile and art industries in Namibia as there are limited resources and the fashion industry needs to be innovative as well as creative. This study’s creative process was compared to Wallas’ four stages of creativity that includes preparation, incubation, illumination and verification. Wallas’ theory was also compared to other existing theories on creativity. These theories were then compared to this studies documentation of the creative process in order to create a theory that can be applied by Namibian artists and designers from a Namibian perspective. The creative process was documented to highlight the challenges and practice that a designer follows in order to create new and authentic design outcomes. For the practical component, this study followed a creative process that involved textile manipulation and rust dyeing that formed part of a collection of garments and accessories that were exhibited in a gallery as fashion/art. The preparation and production of garments and the exhibition were documented through a series of extensive photographs that in turn formed the data that is discussed in the thesis with regards to the creative process. The research highlights the importance of following a creative process in order to create new and authentic Namibian design identities that have an impact locally as well as abroad even though each creative process can be unique to the individual.
Documenting the history and practices of animal skin tanning and leather conservation among the Ovahimba and Ovaherero communities in Kaoko, Kunene region, Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2024) Nghishiko, Johanna N.
This study delves into the traditional practices of animal skin tanning and leather conservation among the Ovaherero and Ovahimba communities, Bantu-speaking groups that settled in Namibia during the early 16th century. Spanning from the 19th to the 21st century, it aims to document the historical evolution of these practices within these communities. Skin and leather have held a profound significance in Ovaherero culture, serving purposes ranging from clothing to shelter and adornment. The study employed an ethnographic research methodology, and the findings reveals that these materials not only signify cultural identity but also reflect societal traditions, landscapes, and available resources. However, colonialism, formal education, Christianity, and climate change have exerted significant influences, leading to the alteration or abandonment of traditional practices such as leather-making. Despite these challenges, communities have persisted in sourcing skins from wildlife and domesticated animals, utilizing animal fat mixed with herbs and minerals for preservation. The study concludes that the enduring practice of skin tanning and leather conservation among these communities embodies resilience and facilitates intergenerational knowledge transfer. Through their daily activities, community members uphold leather as a tangible link to their heritage, preserving its intrinsic cultural value while navigating the complexities of modernity
Exploring mechanisms to improve female parliamentarians’ participation in decision-making: Case study of Namibian National Assembly
(University of Namibia, 2024) Kaputu, Tjara
The study aimed to explore mechanisms to improve female parliamentarians’ participation in decision-making, propose way to assist female parliamentarians to effectively participate in substantive decision-making and explore measures that can facilitate women’s active role in participating in legislative processes. The study employed a qualitative research approach using a case study design. This research design provided a contextual, in-depth information on the why and how questions that could provide great insights and was useful for understanding mechanisms in place to assist female parliamentarians to effectively participate in substantive decision making. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data for the study. The data was analysed using thematic data method, which was accomplished by searching a data set for repeated patterns, analysing them, and reporting them using themes. The study findings revealed that there some mechanisms in place (such as: as framework laws, governmental programs, national action plans, and the establishment of gender equality committees) to improve female parliamentarians’ participation in decision making. However, despite these mechanisms, female parliamentarians continue to face obstacles when attempting to table, defend, and pass motions in parliament. The obstacles identified include lack of confidence, language barriers (low level of fluency in official language), lack of exposure to national and international debates, and party structures (how members are ranked in the party). The study therefore concluded that the system needs to ensure that female parliamentarians are on party lists. Female parliamentarians require a strong women's movement as well as collaboration between civil society organisations and political parties, to advocate for women. The study also suggests that female parliamentarians be exposed to exchange visits in order to learn from other female legislators. A critical recommendation is for female parliamentarians to avoid political affiliation as a ground rule for opposing female ideas or motions, and political party rules/agenda should not interfere with a country's national platform to solve national issues
Exploring time-travel in children’s literature: The case study of when you dance with the crocodile by Erna Muller and crusade in jeans by Thea Beckman
(University of Namibia, 2024) Sikuvi, Rebecca N.
This thesis provides a comparative analysis of the novels When you Dance with the Crocodile (2012) by Erna Muller and Crusade in Jeans (1973) by Thea Beckman. The two novels were purposefully selected because they primarily characterise children or young people as protagonists. Additionally, the novels were selected because of the recurring themes of historical time travel. The major objectives of the study were to analyse the presentation of historical time travel elements in the selected novels and to explore the different methods of time travel used in both novels. This was done through the theory of narratology and mythology. The study then employed a qualitative desktop analysis, and data was analysed using a thematic content analysis, which was systemised into different themes to ease the data analysis and presentation process. The study observed that although the themes in both novels are similar, each novel presents the themes in a unique manner. In Crusade in Jeans (1973), it was found that historical time travel embarked on by the protagonists was a result of a scientific experiment with the hope of providing results and answers to scientific questions pertaining to time travel beyond human comprehension. On the other hand, historical time travel in When you Dance with the Crocodile (2012), accidentally happens with the main characters not knowing they would be going back in time, but just playing a computer game, and this consequently provides an opportunity for a nuanced scientific discovery from video game experiments. Among the themes that emerged in the study are child endangerment, credulity in religion and tradition, and magic and heresy. Further research recommendations are to employ a rhetorical theory analysis to futuristic time travel in children’s literary narratives
Frederick b. Philander: An exploration of his contribution to Namibian theatre (1979-2021)
(University of Namibia, 2024) Nehemia, Melgisedek
The purpose of this study was to explore Frederick B. Philander's contribution to Namibian theatre from 1979 to 2021. The study was intended to fill a gap in Namibian theatre history. In-depth interviews were done with Frederick B. Philander and theatre practitioners familiar with Frederick B. Philander's theatre practices. This study utilised archival information and written documentation of his work. The outcomes of the study indicated that Frederick B. Philander made important contributions to Namibian theatre over the aforementioned years. Philander's contribution includes a legacy that continues on in the current generation of theatre practitioners to whom he provided acting and staging opportunities. Philander has made significant contributions to the promotion of theatre outside of Namibia's borders. Philander is a theatre practitioner who has written and performed various plays that have been published. Philander established several theatre groups such as Windhoek Theatre Association, Windhoek Players, Serpent Players and CAN, and also chaired Assitej-Namibia. Philander was the first ‘black’ Namibian playwright to have published his plays. He also broke the pillars of apartheid when he staged the first ‘non-white’ play in an ‘all-white’ theatre. He further staged a controversial play The Beauty Contest, in which Philander and co- star appeared naked on stage. The research further found the need to document the work of theatre practitioners who have been active in the Namibian theatre, such as Vickson Hangula, Laurinda Olivier- Sampson, Sandy Rudd, Senga Brockerhoff, and Tanya Terblanche and others. These practitioners have been active in Namibian theatre over the years by writing plays and staging productions. Therefore, they deserve to be documented. It should be noted that theatre is still ongoing in Namibia at the time of this research, therefore it needs to be documented constantly
The impact of remittances on the rural household poverty in Namibia: A case of Ohangwena constituency, Ohangwena region
(University of Namibia, 2023) Kashimba, Emilia Floriana
Migration is a global concern that impacts the socio-economy of any country. Migration occurs at international and internal levels. It is known to put pressure on a country's resource allocation when proper planning has yet to be done; it may affect development. A large portion of migration involves internal migration from rural to urban areas for economic reasons. In some countries, migration is also known as a strategy to reduce poverty in rural areas through remittances. This thesis sought to investigate the impact of remittances on rural household poverty in Namibia, and a case study in the Ohangwena constituency, Ohangwena region, was conducted. The study's objectives were to identify the nature of remittances sent by migrants to the rural household, to explore the uses of remittances in the rural household, and to investigate the impact of the remittances on the rural household. The study used a qualitative approach to collect data. A sample of 20 rural households was selected using a snowball sampling procedure. Data was collected using an interview guide through key informants per rural household. The study revealed that many rural households receive cash, food, materials, goods, and equipment remittances. The study also found that remittances are used to improve the living standards of the rural household, as most participants have mentioned buying food for consumption in the household as one of the primary uses of remittances. Others were paying bills, agricultural purposes, improving housing structures, and many more. The findings have also revealed that remittances positively impact the rural household as they have enhanced many rural households after migration, such as improved employment rates, food security, income, health, and education, and the household's general well-being. One of the study recommendations is for development planners to mainstream migration in development plans to improve rural poverty and achieve rural development
An investigation of land reallocation conflicts in local authorities in Namibia: A case study of Omuthiya town council
(University of Namibia, 2023) Shiindi, Job Dhimbulukwa
This study examined land reallocation challenges between landowners and the OTC to make recommendations for improving land reallocation process. This was accomplished by assessing how land is reallocated within the OTC and how it affects community members. Understanding land reallocation dispute is critical to ensure inclusivity of every Namibian and fair participation in land reallocation process. The study was conducted through a qualitative research design. Primary data was collected through interview guides. The interviews were administered to (8) staff members of the OTC, and fifteen (15) community members affected by land reallocation. The respondents were selected through purposive sampling, which is a non-probability sampling technique. Data was analysed using content analysis. The study found that, community members understand land reallocation process. The findings provide reasons to why land reallocation conflict exists between OTC and community members. The conflict is mainly because of inadequate compensation, unfair treatment of landowners by OTC employees, unclear land reallocation procedures and lack of cooperation and information sharing to residents whose land was earmarked for development. The study concludes that, land reallocation is very beneficial to OTC because of generated income that leads to urbanisation. The study recommends for revision of current compensation policy and guidelines to ensure fair compensation through a model. There is a need to capacitate implementing agencies, community members and compensation guidelines and policy. This means embarking on education and communication programmes to maximise effective communication between OTC and community members
Migration securitization in SADC: Assessing its impact on the free movement of people and regional economic integration agenda
(University of Namibia, 2024) Moyo, Sindiso V.
This exploratory study looks at migration and securitization in SADC. More specifically, the study assesses the impact that migration and securitization have on the free movement of people and on regional economic integration agenda of SADC. The study uses the securitization theory espoused by Buzan and Wæver in order to assess the how the securitization of migration affects freedom of movement and regional integration within the SADC region. The theory argues that political issues are defined as security issues that need to be dealt with urgently when they have been labelled as ‘dangerous’, ‘threatening’ and ‘alarming’ by a securitising actor, that holds social and institutional power to move the issue beyond politics. Further the theory argues that security issues are not simply out in the air, rather they have to be articulated as problems by securitising actors. The study draws upon qualitative data like documentary analyses, books, journals and semi-structured interviews. The Study also sought to assess the impact of the securitization of Migration in SADC on the free movement of people and regional economic integration agenda. The study found that the impact of the securitization of migration, provides SADC governments with the ability to restrict entry of foreign nationals into their job markets, business sectors and social spaces. More-so the study also found that the migration securitization may hinder the ability of ordinary people who are not in big business from fully participating and being full beneficiaries of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). The study further found that it has been witnessed that where circular migration or multiple migration is restricted, in Southern Africa, there is an impact on trade. The study also found that the overemphasis on formal channels of trade affects informal trade which is seen to be influential in the functioning of regional economies. Cross border traders are seen as key contributors to the overall economy of the region, henceforth the migration securitization continues to hinder productive integration of cross border trading, which further affects regional economic development. In relation to SADC developing a migration policy that is more human centric than state centric, the study found that, the lack of coherence between regional and national migration policies has created a huge gap between regional legislative II framework and national legislative framework. The study further pointed that, SADC needs to formulate and implement a regional migration policy framework, that is aligned to that of the African Union’s Protocol on Free Movement of Persons which is seen to be more human centred. Further the study pointed out that the formulation of the migration policy framework must crafted and implemented through wide consultations with civil society and local communities and lastly should protect the freedom of movement of migrants within and from host countries. More-so, the findings also found that there is a need for ensuring freedom of movement of all migrants including refugees and asylum seekers without fear of arrest, detention or deportation. In addition, the study also found that in creating a more human centric migration policy, SADC member states need to work together to ensure creation and protection of social security benefits of migrants and foreign nationals. In relation to how labour migration in SADC contributes to economic development of host nations; the study found that the South African mining industry has previously benefited economically from migrants Lesotho, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Malawi. The study also found that in a state where, there is a fertile ground for economic migrants, labour migration will be key for economic development. More-over the study also finds that despite the securitised nature of migration people will continue to move. The study recommends that the region needs to implement a centralised border management and information system, that will allow for increased data sharing, increasing legal pathways
Music Theory: Elementary (Level One)
(F.H Tsoubaloko, 2012) Tsoubaloko, Francois Haipinge
Music, whether vocal or instrumental is viewed both literally and figuratively as a form of language or speech, with less specifity than the spoken word but possessing shades of meaning and more emotive force. In other words music as a form of language or speech can be written and be read using symbols, which are unique to the field of music.
Music Theory: Elementary (Level two)
(F.H Tsoubaloko, 2012) Tsoubaloko, Francois Haipinge
The necessity of the military chaplaincy with reference to the Namibian context
(University of Namibia, 1999) Afunde, Werner S.
INTRODUCTION: From early days soldiers have looked to the church for spiritual guidance and support and in the practice of their faith have found comfort and strength in all difficulties and dangers. The Old Testament often refers to priests accompanying troops into battle: “Before you engage in battle,” states Deuteronomy 20: 2 - 4, “that the priest shall approach and speak to the people”. Another well-known example is found in Joshua 6: 2 - 5. In this passage, seven priests each carrying a trumpet, and marched in front of the covenant box around the wall of Jericho daily for six days. They were followed by other priests carrying the ark of the Covenant and finally came the troops (soldiers). On the seventh day of the procession priests blew the horns. After the sound of the horns, the troops shouted, whereupon the walls collapsed and the city was taken.
The necessity of the second phase of Evangelization among Vambunza in the Bunya area of the northeastern parts of Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2002) Phangwa, Innocent M.
In this study we address the issue of the necessity of the second phase of evangelization among Vambunza people in the Mbunza area. Mbunza is an area in the Northeastern parts of Namibia. The majority of people living there are called Vambunza. The Mission Christianity has left the local people with unclear consciences. There is a tension between Christianity and culture. This is due to the fact that many cultural and traditional objects were never taken as a starting point of evangelization among the people of this area. This study aims at showing that the Vambunza culture and tradition, impefect as they are, are the manifestation and revelation of the presence of God among them. In this study some concepts will be suggested and encorporated in re-evangelizing them. The study aims at showing that there are many Christian values which could be explained easily by deriving examples from Mbunza tradition and culture,which was not the case in the first evangelization. This is an attempt to make the Church like a mirror in which Vambunza see themselves and recognize their true face and feel completely at home in their Christian faith. It is suggested that the Vambunza should appreciate being Christians, while not rejecting their African religious and cultural roots. The study suggests that the Vambunza should own Christianity in such a way that it becomes a genuine answer to the totality of the way of their life. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reconcile the Gospel and the Vambunza culture so that Christianity can become an inculturated part and parcel of their lives. The study will also underline new challenges, which would cause new methods and approaches of evangelization in the same area. The Church cannot simply continue with the same methods and approaches that they used 72 years ago when the mission station was founded. This study will challenge people to study more about Vambunza and to know more about their needs, beliefs, ethics and aspirations. The study will show the importance of Vambunza oral literature and oral tradition, which can help them to preach the Gospel within their own context as African Christians. This argument is developed and supported by five chapters. Chapter 1 will give background information about the study. This includes stating the purpose of the study, reasons for considering the study important, statement of the problem, the scope and limitations of the study. Chapter 2 shall deal with the Vambunza: their cultural, social and political life. Chapter 3 will be on the impact of Christianity among the Vambunza: both positive and negative ones. Chapter 4 is about the traditional and cultural concepts to be utilized in re-evangelization for a second phase of evangelization. Chapter 5 shall provide the conclusions and summary of the study.
Ngugi wa Thiong'o and Kenyan theatre in focus
(2007) Van der Smit, Sussana Alletta
Occupational stress in the Namibian Police Force: An exploratory study from a psycho-spiritual perspective
(University of Namibia, 2016) Kangunga, Michael L.
The aim of this study was to explore the actuality of stress among the Namibian Police Force members by investigating the causes and impact it has on members and the organisation itself. The study identified possible effective ways of coping with stress in the Namibian Police Force. The purpose of the study was to assist and guide the Namibian Police Force members to deal with stress related problems from psycho-spiritual perspectives. A mixed research methodology of qualitative and quantitative approaches was used by means of interviewing twenty (20) police force members as well as a survey. It was vital to combine the two research methodologies because the qualitative approach produces a richer understanding of many social phenomena that cannot be achieved through other observational approaches. The interview guide was used to make the interview easy and to guide both the researcher and the interviewees. The study participants were asked what they thought could be the causes of stress among the Namibian Police Force members. They responded by emphasising the nature of the work in the police force, as well as the conditions in the force. The results of the study show that the professional services needed in the police and provision of study materials should be expanded to the entire force membership. The study was conducted in the Khomas and Kunene regions. The motive for choosing these two regions was that the vastness of Namibia (a total land area of 823, 290 square kilometers) and the limited resources on the part of the researcher. In addition, the Khomas region is the researcher’s operational area and in the case of Kunene region, it is one of the areas perceived to have high levels of stress in the country. Another reason for opting for the Kunene region is that the members of the force in this part of the country experience lack of facilities that are the contributing factors to stress levels.

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