Masters Degrees (NBS)

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A new model to measure the effects of price to book ratio and interest rate on share price volatility of financial institutions in emerging markets
(University of Namibia, 2019) Lopez, Yansy Caridad Odio; Kruger, Jan Walters
The development of studies in the field of trading activities in emerging markets are taking relevance in the last time (Leite, Klotzle, Pinto & Ferreira da Silva, 2018). This study attempts to be part of existing literature on the topic of trading opportunities in developing nations. The present research objective was to design a new model to measure the effects of price to book ratio as a fmancial indicator related to bank share prices and interest rates on share price volatility of fmancial institutions in emerging economies. The data analysis method used in this academic work was regression analysis. This was done by developing multiple regression models in Microsoft Excel to fmd relationships between variables of the study. The model includes three variables: one dependent variable (share price volatility) and two independent variables (price to book ratio and interest rates). Secondary sources such as journal articles and the publicly available online database for the Central Bank of Brazil were used to collect information. The model designed was implemented to test its validity in the Central Bank of Brazil for the period December 2016 to September 2018. The researcher found no relationship between price to book ratio and interest rates and share price changes in the Central Bank of Brazil from December 2016 to September 2018. The researcher interpreted this to mean that changes in the price of shares of the Central Bank of Brazil were not predicted by price to book ratio and yields in the period from December 2016 up to September 2018. It is considered that fmancial institutions must have instruments to measure and control financial and macroeconomic indicators in the banking sector, such as share prices and yields indicators, to contribute to increase fmancial growth by making informed decisions. This is an academic professional tool to be used by researchers, students, fmancial managers, investors, policymakers and shareholders as a source of literature for studies. This research has contributed to existing literature on trading activities in emerging countries, and how to study fmancial and macroeconomic variables that can influence stock price direction in developing nations, such as price to book ratio and yields
An analysis of factors influencing the financial performance of Namibian fuel stations in Helao-Nafidi town
(University of Namibia, 2023) Mirjam, Wilka Kuhatumwa
This study sought to analyse factors that have an impact on the financial performance of fuel stations at the Helao Nafidi town in the Ohangwena region, in terms of risk management, high fuel prices, the pandemic (COVID-19, logistic management (stock arrival) and the role of government in mitigating losses of financial performance. This study used explanatory sequential research design. It adopted a mixed methodology approach in which data was collected using a questionnaire for the quantitative part and for the qualitative part, an interview guide was used. To achieve this, the study used multiple regression analysis, based on a sample size of 32 participants and the results reveal positive impacts of risk management and stock arrival on business performance while high fuel prices and pandemics reveal negative impacts on business performance for fuel stations at the Helao Nafidi town in the Ohangwena region. Moreover, the study followed up on these findings qualitatively to explore the role that the government can play to mitigate business performance losses for the fuel stations due to pandemics, which go hand in hand with high fuel prices using reflective thematic analysis in NVivo. This analysis was based on the data collected from 12 interviewees using an interview guide and results revealed two themes, each with two codes. The first theme was on controlling the rivalry with two codes as oil/fuel smuggling control and the protection of the borders. The second theme was selfreliance that is associated with two codes as own oil discovery and giving subsidies. Thus, the study applied an explanatory sequential research design. Lastly, qualitative findings serve as policy recommendations while in terms of directions for future studies, the study suggests future research focus on other regions that are not severely affected by oil/fuel smuggling in Namibia from Angola, as well as to assessing the impact of the pandemic on business performance for companies in other sectors. Keywords: Business performance, risk management, high fuel prices, COVID-19 pandemic, multiple regression analysis, reflective thematic analysis
An analysis of factors influencing the level of fundraising for Non-Profit Organisations (NPOS) of the Khomas region of Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2020) Shaduka, Luise Ndateelela; Chifamba, Ronald
Like the NPOs sector globally, the number of NPOs in Namibia has been increasing yearly. Most NPOs depend on government subsidies or local and international donor agencies to finance their operations. This scenario has been threatening their survival and ability to attain their aims and objectives for social transformation. Donor agencies have reduced their support for Namibian NPOs owing to the global economic crisis and financial headwinds facing the Namibia economy. As a result local NPOs have limited access to funding from both local and international donors, as well as private philanthropic organisations. This is attributed to factors such as: global financial crisis, economic recession, the re-classification of Namibia to an upper middle-income country, the downgrading to junk economic status, and the increase in the number ofNPOs in Namibia. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyse factors influencing the level of fundraising for NPOs in Khomas Region. Based on the study, this paper explores the influence of sources of funding on the financial sustainability ofNPOs. A quantitative research design was used as the principal research methodology for the study. The target population was six hundred and ninety six (696) NPOs registered with Business and lntellectual Property Authority (BIPA) under Section 21 of Company Act No. 28 of2004 of the Republic ofNamibia. One respondent per NPO was selected as per their role in the organization either: managements, administrative or financial personnel. The study made use of a random sampling methodology of which the, a total of forty ( 40) of NPOs were sampled each per year from 1950 to 2018. For the purposes of this study, a quantitative research method was employed and quantitative data were collected using a questionnaire. Data was processed using Stata software and the coded data I d t the SiQllificance level of .05% using an ordered logistic regression model was ana yse a o · · I Significant variables to the study were identified and interpreted accordingly and where possible compared to the literature review to gain a full understanding from both primary research data and secondary research. The chi-square test was done to test the model and it is statistically significant as it has a chi-square value below the 5% level. The findings of the study showed that there are factors influencing the level of fundraising in NPOs. These are gender, years of working experience, number of staff members, fund raising procedures, number of student interns, fundraising through electronic media, local and international donor's agency and partnership or joint projects with other organizations. Therefore, this situation has left Namibian NPOs with no options, but to develop alternative fundraising strategies to access new sources of funding in order to increase the level of funding to finance their operations. Jt is recommended that the NPOs should move from being dependent on government subsidies and local donor agencies for self-sustainability and have a more international outlook and indeed focus on establishing income generating activities and venture into multiple sources of funds for their projects. This would improve their financial sustainability. It is further recommended that there is a need to create and develop alternative fundraising strategies in order to increase the level of funding and remain competitive in the markets. Furthermore, it is recommended that NPOs should engage individuals, corporate sectors, government and local and international donors to develop interest in their activities for future donations. Alternatively, NPOs should give timely reports, thank you letters, issue donation certificates and offer a free luncheon for donors even once a year. With regard to media, it is advisable for NPOs to partner up with the media for marketing purposes as well as forming joint ventures with business and universities
An analysis of the impact of the exchange rate on export perfomance in Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2019) Amadhila, Orodesia; Mugano, Gift
The purpose of the study was to analyse the effect of the exchange rate on export performance in Namibia. Furthermore, the researcher was to investigate if there is a relationship between the exchange rate and export performance. The objectives of the study were to examine whether there is a long run relationship between real effective exchange rate and export performance in Namibia, to determine the casual relationship between real exchange rate and export performance in Namibia as well as to suggest policies for the mitigation of the impact on the domestic economy. The theories on which this paper was based are Marshal-Lerner Condition, Exchange Rate Pass-Through and The Balance of Payments theory. To investigate the existence of a long run relationship between exchange rate and export performance in Namibia, the Engle-Granger two-step estimation technique was employed. The technique entails the determination of the long term co-integration relationship through testing for stationarity of the residuals using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test. The study revealed that the variable exchange rate negatively affects export performance and that the coefficient is statistically significant. From the regression estimation it can be concluded that the theoretical proposition of the relationship between exchange rate and export performance is confirmed in the case of Namibia. A currency depreciation results in more exports while a currency appreciation results in a reduction in exports. Therefore, policy recommendations of the study included employing strong financial tools to hedge against change in the international market, such as: Accept the risk and transfer it through pricing, A void or minimise costly commodities, seek natural hedges and manage the risk through contracts
An analysis of the sources and use of financial resources of local authorities: The case of Rehoboth Town Council
(University of Namibia, 2020) Haiyaka, Else Gudrun Salome; Sunde, Tafirenyika
This study assessed the factors affecting the financial performance of Rehoboth Town Council. Odero (2017) stated that financial performance in local government in the country remains poor and a radical approach to financial management was a necessity. The study assessed the factors affecting financial performance from institutional, human capital and external environment perspectives and its effects of financial performance of the town council. The study adopted a case study research design and data was collected through self-completing questionnaires. These were administered to 1 05 Rehoboth town council stakeholders. The findings were presented in graphs, charts and frequency tables. The study concluded that the main factors affecting Rehoboth Town Council's financial perfonnance included unavailability of reliable sources of funds, liquidity management, inflation rates, employee capacity and management practices. Though there were other factors affecting fmancial performance, the participants highly rated unavailability of reliable sources of funds, liquidity management, inflation rates, employee capacity and management practices. They indicated that there is a combination of institutional, human capital and external environment factors. The study recommended a number of factors to cushion poor financial performance in local authority among the debt management techniques, management of the cash conversion cycle and engagements for creation of sustainable income, investments in modem accounting management systems, extensive budget consultations and training and development for all the staff members for understanding of the town council financial management approaches. However the study only focused on the assessing the factors from a holistic approach, leaving room for testing of the magnitude of the effects of individual factors.
An assessment of employers' expectations to enhance the employability of university graduates in Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2023) Nepando, Victor P.
The issue of university graduate employability is a universal challenge however severe in developing countries. Namibia is one such developing country that has challenges with graduate employability. This study was conducted to establish the employers' perceptions of graduate employability. The study sought to establish the employers' perceptions towards graduate employability, employers' views on the effectiveness of recruitment and selection methods to determine the skills of graduates, and to establish interventions that can be put in place to enhance graduates' employability. The study adopted a qualitative exploratory research design informed by interpretivism as the research philosophy underpinning the study. Out of a population of 69 employers, twenty purposively selected employers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide, which contained questions, aligned with the research objectives. Data were analyzed using a thematic data analysis technique. An Atlas ti software was used to analyse data. The following results were obtained. Employers perceived graduates to lack hands-on and soft skills. According to the employers, a lack of hands-on skills compromised productivity, and a lack of soft skills affected adjusting to the work environment and fitting into the team. The employers further indicated that a lack of these skills made the induction process long and costly to the organisation. The study established that recruitment and selection were aimed to select recruits who were then taken for induction, hence the selection process fails to determine the skills of the graduate. Finally, the study recommended the need for an inclusive approach to curriculum design, where all key stakeholders are part of the curriculum design process. The study also recommended enacting an attachment policy, which is inclusive and includes a module on soft skills in all courses. The Ministry of Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Creations were requested to conduct a skills audit, to guide and inform tertiary institutions on the demand for skills. Universities would be informed of trades, which require additional skills. The study also raised the need to 4 counsel students during their final year at university. The study suggested further study involving all key stakeholders on the challenges of graduate employability so that an inclusive plan of action can be generated
An assessment on the effects of school teachers' turnover on learners' performance in public schools in Windhoek
(University of Namibia, 2019) Kadhikwa, Liina; Kaupa, Stewart Peter
According to the Public Service Commission (PSC) Annual Report (2013/2014), Namibia, like most other Sub-Saharan African countries noticed a rise in teacher attrition mainly in the public schools (Pitsoe, 2013). The negative development has also been accompanied by deteriorating academic performance in public schools. More so, Donaldson and Johnson (2011) added that the revolving door effect has continued to compound the problem. The study therefore sought to investigate the causes of teacher attrition and establish the nature of the relationship and the magnitude of the impact of teacher turnover on learners' performance. The study only focused on 3072 teachers in government schools in the Khomas Region a sample of 96 participants was extracted using the Slevin's formula. The study adopted a case study research design and both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques were used. The qualitative approach used a semi-structured interview guide for data collection whereas the quantitative data collection approach used a questionnaire with both structured and non-structured questions. Quantitative and qualitative data was analyzed using SPSS and thematic data analysis methods respectively. The research concluded that there are a number of factors that affect teachers' turnover in the Khomas Region and these included ill-disciplined learners, heavy workload of teachers, poor school leadership practices, too much administrative work and lack of professional development. However, the study found out that turnover in public schools was chiefly a product of extrinsic factors emanating from the prevailing socio economic environment. The study concluded that teachers' turnover affects learners' performance in public schools to a larger extent, though there are other factors such as parental support, resource availability and school leadership that affect the performance of the learners
An evaluation of financial management practices in tier 3 state owned enterprises in Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2022) Veroonika, Petrus
The success or failure of any organisation whether public or private is reckoned on the governance and effectiveness of its financial management practices. Moreover, financial management practices have an impact on a broad range of areas within an organisation, including, aggregate financial management, operations management, governance and fiduciary risk management. Consequently, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the financial management practices in Tier 3 SOEs in Namibia. Specifically, the study investigated the current financial management practices adopted by Tier 3 SOEs in Namibia and to determine their effects as well as to identify the challenges regarding the implementation of financial management practices. The study employed a descriptive survey research design to collect the data on financial management practices from the CEOs, Accountants and Financial Directors/Managers (FD/Ms) of Tier 3 Namibian SOEs. Semi - structured questionnaires were used to collect the primary data and all data was entered and analysed using SPSS v.26. Descriptive analysis was done and the results were presented in tables, figures and charts. The findings show that, financial planning and control, reporting and analysis of financial, working capital management and capital structures management practice are current financial management practices adopted by Tier 3 SOEs in Namibia. Companies have good financial performance. Lack of advanced knowledge and skills was one of the challenges experienced in the implementation of financial management practices in the SOEs. Failure to fill vacant positions and lack of support from leadership (management) were also identified as challenges that hinder the implementation of the financial management practices. Therefore, the study recommends that the managers in SOEs should highly prioritise financial management practices during the formulation of their organisation's strategies to enhance transparency, accountability and consistency in financial operations. Finally, the study also recommends that regulatory bodies should formulate appropriate policies and regulations which would facilitate the implementation of financial management practices in companies.
An evaluation of mobile banking as a tool for enhancing financial inclusion in Namibia: A case of FNB Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2020) Van Wyk, Desery; Woyo, Elisha
Financial inclusion is a multi-dimensional concept of financial development that enables affordable access through availability and equality of opportunities to access financial services, especially among previously disadvantaged social groups. Namibia has one of the most developed financial systems in Africa, and is blessed with a well run payment system. Yet, Namibia has failed to fully leverage its mobile penetration rate of 97% to deploy financial solutions that can provide an interoperable platform for financial inclusion. As such, this study uses data from a population of the more than 1,2 million mobile banking customers on the FNB Cell phone banking and E wallet platforms in the period July 2012 to December 2019 (89 months). However, the sample size was restricted by privacy concerns, which saw the study using 74% (66/89 months) of data in the period July 2012 to December 2017 (66 months). The study used a cross-sectional time-series econometric analysis to test Granger causality relationships between mobile banking and financial inclusion. The study found that at the 95% level of confidence, there were significant mean differences (MD) between the unbanked and banked platforms, in terms of value-added services, cash out ratios and financial inclusion channels on the mobile banking platforms. The study also found that among the four identified financial inclusion channels, only Profit Incentives and Financial Penetration channels could be enhanced with mobile banking. While, the other two channels: Financial Access and Account Ownership, influenced the rate of mobile phone adoption. The study concludes that the charge-based value added services provide the critical intermediation link as to how profit incentives can enhance both mobile banking services and financial inclusion in Namibia. The study recommends that regulators should provide profitability incentives to the banks and other e-money service-providers, as profitable mobile banking platforms can be used as effective tools for enhancing financial inclusion of the unbanked population
An evaluation of the circumvent strategy implementation factors inhibiting effective tax collection within the Inland Revenue department in the Ministry of Finance in Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2022) Vatileni, Eila Nghiikimhote; Saruchera, Fanny
This study was conducted to evaluate the circumvent strategy implementation factors inhibiting effective tax collection within the Inland Revenue Department (IRD) in the Ministry of Finance in Namibia. The study was conducted against the background that the IRD in Namibia was struggling with the collection of taxes with more than N$ l9 Billion uncollected tax revenue. The objectives of the study were: to identify circumvent strategy implementation factors that inhibit the effective collection of taxes by the Inland Revenue Department, to assess the impact 01 the strategy implementation factors on the effective collection of taxes by the Inland Revenue Department, to establish ways of avoiding strategy implementation factors that inhibit effective collection of taxes by the Inland Revenue Department and to recommend best practices from the international and regional levels on how to avoid strategy implementation factors that inhibit effective collection of taxes by the Inland Revenue Department. The study was conducted through a descriptive survey, based on a sample of 44 employees from the Khomas Region of the !RD in Windhoek, Namibia. Respondents were selected through stratified random ampling procedure and data was collected through interviews and self-administered questionnaires. The findings of the study revealed that factors that inhibited effective tax collection included tax avoidance and eva ion, lack of capacity by revenue authorities, poor compliance and corruption and exemptions. The most prominent factor was tax evasion and avoidance, followed by lack of capacity of revenue department. The study established that there were significant but moderate correlations between strategy implementation factors and revenue collection at the IRD. The increase in inhibiting factors led to a moderate decrease in revenue collection, for instance, when tax eva ion, exemptions, and corruption increased, there was a moderate decrease in revenue collected by the IRD. The major solutions suggested by respondents for reducing circumvent factors were tax education, frequent audits, training staff, incentivise employees and building IT systems to flag uspicious taxpayers. The study recommends an improvement in the capacity of revenue authorities and the adoption of international standards in the management of taxes
An evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 on the performance of hotels and lodges in Windhoek, Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2023) Kauatuuapehi, Clemence
This study evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of hotels and lodges in Windhoek, Namibia. The study was promoted by the poor and uninspiring performance of hotels and lodges following the pronouncement of successive COVID-19 induced lockdowns. The objectives of the study were to establish the influence of COVID-19 on occupancy rates, ADR, RevPAR and profitability of hotels and lodges in Windhoek, Namibia and suggest perceived policy interventions for sustainable recovery of the hotels and lodges. The study was theoretically guided by the theory of constraints, resource-based theory and the dynamic capability theory. The study adopted the positivism philosophy and quantitative approach to enable the researcher to make use of scientific evidence, including statistics that show how COVID-19 affected the performance of hotels and lodges in Windhoek, Namibia. A correlational research design was employed to facilitate hypotheses testing and explain the cause-and-effect relationships between the COVID-19 pandemic and the performance of the hotels and lodges. A total of 89 structured questionnaires, designed using google forms, were electronically distributed through a cross-sectional survey that targeted managers and accounting officers of the participating hotels. The respondents were selected using stratified random sampling in order to reflect the population structure in the sample. Data was analysed quantitatively using SPSS version 19. It was revealed that rising new COVID-19 cases and deaths as well as restrictions on domestic, regional and international travel led to cancellation of bookings and low occupancy rates. COVID-19 negatively impacted on Average Daily Rate (ADR), Revenue Per Available Room (RevPAR) and profitability of hotels and lodges. The study concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the performance of hotels and lodges in Windhoek, Namibia. It was recommended that hotels and lodges should develop new business models; advocate for a rescue / aid package for hotels and lodges and target domestic tourists with limited travel restrictions to enhance occupancy, ADR and RevPAR. A further study covering other cities and towns in Namibia and incorporating qualitative methods was suggested
An examination into the impact of e-business adoption on the operational performance of manufacturing SMES in Windhoek, Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2020) Tirigu, Lee; Woyo, Elisha
There is an abundance of literature on e-business definitions, ideas, perceptions, benefits, drivers and challenges in general. However, most of the research has focused on larger organisations and a few on SMEs with a greater bias still towards first-world SMEs. In an attempt to redress the balance of research, this paper looks at e-business with a particular focus on manufacturing SMEs in Namibia. The main objective ofthe study was to examine the impact of e-business adoption on the operational performance of manufacturing SMEs in Windhoek. The study used the quantitative research method with a descriptive-explanatory research design. The population was restricted to owners or managers of manufacturing SMEs in Windhoek and the sample was selected using stratified random sampling. 116 semi-structured questionnaires were successfully researcher administered, and research data captured using Microsoft Excel then exported to SPSS version 22 for descriptive and inferential data analysis. It was found that SME and respondents' characteristics with the exception of educational level does not affect e-business adoption. Management choices, expected positive results and ICT infrastructure evolution are major drivers of e-business adoption. Firm size and stakeholder pressure are weaker drivers, while the availability of ICT skilled personnel within a firm and government support were ruled out as possible e-business adoption drivers. There is a high adoption of the general use of computers, emails, Facebook, and financial services platforms. There is low adoption of management and operations systems, online information storage and recently launched social media networks such as Twitter and Instagram. Manufacturing SMEs in Windhoek are still at the infancy stage of e-business adoption. Tested relationships yielded satisfying outcomes consistent with the way they were hypothesised. Recommendations of the study were that more work needs to be done by various stakeholders such as the government, various ministries, academics and SMEs, to ensure effective e-business adoption and use in the future. Lastly, recommendations for future studies were also made and suggested that there should be use of mixed research methods, qualitative research, nationwide research or comparative studies across different geographical zones
An examination of barriers in transitioning from informal to formal business sector in Windhoek (Namibia)
(University of Namibia, 2022) Jeomba, Jefta; Ziramba, E
The study examined the barriers in transitioning from the informal to the formal business sectors in Windhoek (Namibia). The statistics in Namibia indicate that there are several informal businesses in Namibia that have the potential to boost the economy. However, the transition of these informal businesses to formal businesses is not satisfactory. Thus, the study was carried out to examine barriers contributing to this slow formalization of informal businesses. The study was premised in the pragmatic research paradigm and followed the mixed methods approach. The mixed methods approach was used to draw upon beliefs, views and experiences of informal entrepreneurs on the barriers in transitioning from the informal to the formal business sectors in Windhoek. A sample of 40 businesses was drawn from five business categories. Convenience sampling technique was employed to select 40 participants who were administered with the questionnaires, which contained both close-ended and open-ended questions. Quantitative data collected from the section of the questionnaire which had close ended questions was analyzed through descriptive analysis and the frequency graphs, charts and tables were used to present the data. Qualitative data collected through the section of the questionnaire which had open ended questions was analysed thematically. The findings of the study indicated that advancements in technology challenges and lack of capital funding from banks and the government are the major barriers for the transitioning of the informal businesses to formal businesses. The study concluded that for business to be formalized, they need information, government support and sufficient technological advancement to assist them in transitioning. The study recommends that the government needs to consider the informal sector as fundamental part of its economy and come up with some solutions to integrate it into the main national economic programs, to facilitate the transition to formal sector, which will result in a high contribution to the country's GDP
An exploration of government financial support towards the sustainability of accommodation facilities during COVID-19 in Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2022) Shikangala, Martha Peneyambeko
This study was conducted to explore government financial support towards the sustainability of accommodation facilities during Covid-19 in Namibia. The objectives of the study were to ascertain measures that the government has put in place to improve cash flows of accommodation facilities, identify challenges towards obtaining suitable financial support for accommodation facilities during the pandemic from the government and to evaluate the factors government takes into account in deciding to support the accommodation sector. The study used an exploratory research design utilising a qualitative research approach for data collection and analysis. Data was gathered from 30 participants (26 B & B and Lodges and 4 officials from the Ministry of Environment and Tourism). Data was collected using a semi-structured interview guide and the data was analysed using thematic analysis. The study found that there was a drastic decrease in both room occupancy and annual turnover for the year ended 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, hence the need for government financial support to sustain the hospitality industry. The results revealed that the available financial support and stimulus packages are not effective for the tourism sector. The available funding programs include government guaranteed loans, facilitated through the Development Bank of Namibia (DBN) and other commercial banks, and are meant to boost production. However, the B & B and Lodges rely on local and international visitors who may require accommodation, hence these loans cannot do much to boost production but rather leave the owners in more debt. Therefore, this study recommends for the government to provide financial suppo1i suitable for the tourism industry. Also, currently grants are recommended to sustain the industry. The government is also encouraged to promote domestic tourism. It is recommended for the B & B and lodge owners to diversify their businesses in this current environment
An investigation into causes of saving behaviour among students at tertiary institutions: A case study of UNAM main campus
(University of Namibia, 2019) Taapopi, Rauha Shatika Ndeukoneka; Kakujaha-Matundu, Omu
The purpose of the study was to investigate saving behaviour among students at tertiary institutions in Namibia. The University of Namibia was used as a case study. It is important for both adults and young students to understand the importance of saving. The research included variables such as parental socialisation, fmancial literacy, self control and peer influence in order to determine the saving behaviour of students at tertiary institutions. In this study, the sample size was 324. A sample was drawn from the population using a non-random sampling method, namely: snowball sampling technique. 324 questionnaires were handed over to the selected fourth year Namibian students aged 18 to 24 at UNAM main campus. The findings from the study indicated that financial literacy, parental influence, peer influence and self-discipline have a great impact on saving behaviour. The recommendations were done including that the financial literacy amongst students must be improved. If students are fancially literate, they will save more. If the students are less financially literate they will save less
An investigation into effects of organisational culture on employee performance at the Oshana Regional Council
(University of Namibia, 2022) Ashikoto, Elly; Bhebhe, T
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of organisational culture on employee performance at Oshana Regional Council (ORC). Mixed research methods were used to collect, analyse and interpret data from respo!'ldents and key infonnants. Participants of the study consisted of 103 employees of Oshana Regional Council. Questionnaires and face to face interviews were u ed to collect quantitative and qualitative data respectively. The Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 wa used to compute the quantitative data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to better understand the meaning of data. To examine the association between employee performance and organisational culture at Oshana RC, methodological triangulation was utilized to strengthen the credibility and validity of the findings. The study found that a Hierarchical Culture is the dominant culture at Oshana Regional Council. It was the finding of this study that the Hierarchical Culture is relatively weak and ineffective in driving employee performance. It was also a finding of this study that employee performance is positively influenced by organisational culture. The study concluded that a strong organisational culture can provide a number of benefits including organisational unity of purpose, behaviour control and it improves employee commitment. Furthermore, the study found that managers play a critical role in creating a successful organisational culture. The study recommended that Oshana Regional Council should improve its organisational culture. The study also recommended that ORC managers should use leadership styles that are most suited to their employees in order to achieve high productivity, ORC should strengthen its organisational culture and periodically conduct cultural audits
An investigation into enterprise business solutions' contribution towards decision-making for the Motor Vehicle Accident Fund
(University of Namibia, 2019) Ndeshiilile, Gerlinde; Jere, Nobert
Information Systems (IS) have transformed how business organisations operate. The growth of such Information Systems has been witn ssed in many environments. As a result, most organisations invest a lot of their capital into Information Systems (IS) with the hope to improve decision-making that will improve their competitive edge in the market. Despite the huge investments in IS, it remains unclear if managers are assisted in decision-making by the respective systems available for them. There is Jess research on the benefits of IS towards or in enhancing decision-making among business organisations. This study was undertaken within an organisation operating in Namibia. The mixed methodology was used where both qualitative and quantitative approaches were applied. This approach was used to investigate the extent to which Enterprise Business Solutions (EBS) were being used for decision-making within the MV A Fund. The study sample consisted of 61 respondents. Data was collected from a sample of all employees in the MV A Fund, Windhoek, Namibia. A questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection and analysis was done using SPSS. Results showed that the EBS is being used within the organisation, however not all managers are fully utilising the system in decision-making. In this study, it was established that more effort needs to be put on the EBS in order to ensure a deliverable decision during the decision-making process. Findings show that respondents really do make effective analysis of the information at various levels in respect of different functions within the Fund. In addition, the study confirmed that the system helps the firm to get rid of mistakes or erroneous problems. Interfering obstacles that are restraining the role of EBS in making excellent decisions were also mentioned. The hypothesis results show that Enterprise Business Solutions (EBS) improves decision-making within the MV A Fund. The study recommends and encourages units that use the system to continuously do so to make certain of a flow of free information and sufficient use of EBS in decision making. Further recommendations were made as th ~ result of the findings that, MY A Fund should work on improving the system in order to avoid timing out and slow performance. In conclusion, the Fund should organise training programs in order to have a proper and acceptable use of EBS facilities in making decisions, drawing conclusions, and disseminating information for improved decisions. Training will also help to revive the abilities in using information systems
An investigation into factors affecting strategy implementation at the Namibia Students Financial Assistance Fund
(University of Namibia, 2021) Mwiya, Chris; Matipira, Lovemore
This thesis investigates factors affecting strategy implementation at the Namibia Students Financial Assistance Fund. The study used qualitative methods to collect the data. The primary data was gathered through interviews, using a semi-structured interview guide with staff members at different levels. Field research was undertaken with a sample size of 30 people selected using stratified sampling. The researcher used Excel to do the content analysis by analysing responses from interviewees through coded responses and consolidated them into themes. The major outcome of the study concludes that the Fund faces numerous factors affecting strategy implementation. Namely: Leadership directive, Communication, Guidance from human resources management, Process/system and Technology, Organisational Culture, Organisational structure, Organisational resources, Performance management system and Control and monitoring. The same factors affecting strategy implementation have been harnessed under the challenges faced by NSF AF in strategy implementation. It is recommended that there was a need to improve the executive management that has been perceived as the most important driver for strategy implementation. Therefore, it should manage other factors listed in this study and take a stronghold on the strategy opted for effective strategy implementation. This would help to steer the Fund in the direction set out in attaining organisational goals and objectives
An investigation into factors contributing to urban land shortage in Windhoek, Namibia
(University of Namibia, 2021) Hishitelwa, Tuhafeni Shanyengange Dasilva; Gilika, Mpho Monica
The main aim of this thesis was to investigate factors that contributes to the shortage of urban land in Windhoek and its implications on housing prices and affordability. Windhoek has been faced with a problem of slow delivery and servicing of urban land, resulting in the gap between demand and supply widening drastically, resulting in massive urbanisation, and increased demand for land. This research comprises a mixed method (quantitative & qualitative). A convenience sampling technique was used to sample study participants. Data was collected using questionnaires, observations, and interviews to investigate the availability of urban land in Windhoek, factors that led to urban land shortage and the implications these factors have on the housing prices and affordability. The study found that, there is indeed shortage or urban land at the city of Windhoek. The City of Windhoek is faced with the shortage of developable land, lack of technical capacity, limited financial resources embedded with cumbersome procedures in the process of preparation and approval of detailed plans as prepared by land experts has been a catalyst for the low capacity of the municipality in allocating land. The study also established that low-income earners are faced with serious challenges in acquiring a dwelling due to high prices in purchasing land, high interest rates on mortgage bonds to income and collateral requirements of financial institutions and serviced land in Windhoek benefits only higher-income earners. The study also proved that shortage of urban land has contributed to high prices as the City of Windhoek continues to auction off land that is not affordable for low-income earners. The study recommended that, existing policies on land allocation be reviewed, such as the Deeds Office Act of 1937. Land delivery and servicing models needs to be reformed, and the study ft.rrther recommends that the City of Windhoek needs technical and financial capacity to faci litate provision of effective and efficient services of providing land for housing
An investigation into inventory management sytems' efficiency for production improvement at Navachab Gold Mine
(University of Namibia, 2022) Kalipi, Taleingenawa E; Gilika, Mpho
The study focused on the inventory management sy tems' effi ciency fo r production improvement at Navachab Go ld Mine. The study was guided by the fo llowing obj ective · to investigate factors that contribute to high non-moving inventory, factor contributing to understock and overstocking and factors contributing to high expiry and ob olete inventory at Navachab Gold Mine.The research used a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach using quantitative and qualitative research methodology. By u e of simple random sampling, 97 respondents from Ore Processing, Engineering, Human Resources Management and Procurement department were selected. The study u ed both closed and open ended questionnaire to collect data. The findings of the study revea led that Navachab Gold Mine orders its stock depending on the demand from end u er and their fo recasting of inventory levels. The fi ndings also showed that Navachab Go ld Mine makes use of the speculative purchasing policy when making order from upplier . Navachab Gold Mine has a strong data center fo r it tock such as receipts, invoice which help in keeping record of all the relevant price o a to carry out a stock va luation. Navachab Gold Mine al o does quarterly stocktaking and inventory tracking. Ba ing on the findings the inventory management ystem at Navachab Go ld Mine is ffective, however a few factor including end user ' demand and foreca ti ng on inventory I el , management styles, procurement staff competency, hinder inventory managem nt activities and hence production at Navachab Go ld Mine. It can therefore be concluded that inventory management systems' effi ciencies are interrelated to production performance of an organization. From the fi ndings, it was evident that proper inventory managem nt y tems could lead to efficiency and effectivene in both production and organizationa l ervice delivery by avoid ing over tocking and under t eking, havi ng the right tock at the right time and in the right quantity, Navachab old Mi ne can improve it in ent r management by fo llowing the recommendation gi en