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Item An investigation into the economic impact of creating a foot and mouth disease free zone in the Central North of Namibia(University of Namibia, 2021) Shamathe, Kuniberth; Jeremiah, AndrewThe purpose of this study was to investigate into the economic impact of creating a Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) free zone in the central north ofNamibia. A Veterinary Cordon Fence (VCF) is a large-scale fence-line constructed for the purpose of controlling livestock contagious diseases such as FMD. Lucrative international meat export markets are the main reason countries come up with and protect FMD free zones. Namibia has VCF running across the country from east to west almost dividing the country in the middle. The beef products from the Northern VCF (NVCF) are not allowed to cross the VCF to the Southern parts of the country because the Southern VCF (SVCF) area is regarded as a FMD free zone while the NVCF area is regarded as a FMD infected zone. Currently, Namibia international beef markets do not buy beef products from the NVCF-FMD infected zone. As a result, farmers from the NVCF are complaining that the current situation prevents them from benefitting from the lucrative export beef market as compared to farmers in the South. This study adopted the explanatory research design focusing on desk research. The results of the study showed a statistically significant increase (PItem Investigating the transmission of monetary policy through the bank lending channel in Namibia(University of Namibia, 2021) Mushelenga, Johannes Peyavali; Kuruba, GangappaInvestigating the transmission of monetary policy is important for an economy. Many channels exist through which monetary policy decisions affect the economy. This paper examines the bank lending channel, which reflects the central bank's actions that affect loan supply and real spending. It is necessary to understand how effective the channels of transmission are, in affecting economic activities in a given country. This study investigates the transmission of monetary policy through the bank lending channel in Namibia using four variables namely: gross domestic product (GDP), interest rate, inflation and bank lending. The study used a Vector Auto-regression (V AR) approach to estimate time series annual data from Q 1 2009 to Q4 2018. The study employed techniques such as unit root tests, co-integration, impulse responses and variance decomposition. The co integration test results revealed that co-integration exists among variables. The impulse response function showed that output growth responded negatively to repo rate. The increase in interest rate results in a decline in economic activities due to high interest on borrowing and thus a decrease in economic growth. The variance decomposition indicated that fluctuations in output growth were attributed to itself. While the total contribution of interest rate, bank lending and inflation was relatively insignificant. The error forecast of bank lending was attributed by itself with an insignificant contribution of output growth and non by interest rate and inflation. Fluctuations in forecasting interest rate were greatly attributed to bank lending and small contributions by the other variables. The error forecast of inflation was greatly dominated by itself. As the trend fell, there was a significant increase in the contribution of output growth and a slight contribution by the other variablesItem An investigation of employee relations management and its effects on employee performance at the Namibian Correctional Service(University of Namibia, 2021) Kalili, Saarai Kaunapawa; Acha-Anyi Paul N.This research investigates the effects of Employee Relations Management (ERM) on employees' performance at the Namibian Correctional Service (NCS). The study was conducted at the Correctional Facility for the district of Windhoek, known as Windhoek Correctional Facility (WCF). The main ERM components observed in this study include Human Resources Practices, Communication, Trust, Shared Goals and Values. In terms of these practices, the study examined the importance of these ERM components at the Namibian Correctional Service, its challenges and the influence of employee empowerment through ERM organisational performance at the Namibian Correctional Service. A quantitative exploratory, descriptive research allowed the researcher to determine facts, do statistical analysis and present findings on employee relationship management. The data collection instrument used was a questionnaire and 187 of the instruments were distributed to the employees (males, females) at the Windhoek Correctional Facility. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the physical distribution of the questionnaires was disapproved by the NCS to avoid the risks of contracting and spreading of the virus amongst the employees. As a result, the questionnaires were administered online to reach the selected respondents. Based on the outcomes from the questionnaire, it was found that eighty-eight (88) questionnaires were valid for analysis. The results of the study show that ERM components have a positive effect on employees' performance, even though the ERM components were regarded as not very important by the NCS. Thus, with regards to the ERM, there is still a need within NCS to build and enhance relationships as well as reinforce the commitment to improve employees' performance. In terms of importance, the study discovered from the survey that communication was regarded as less important followed by Trust and then HR practices. This was also detected as the order of the challenges impacting the implementation of ERM at the NCS. Thus, the study recommends that the NCS should provide open and transparent communication which will lead to motivated employees and good performance. The organisation should improve communication with the employees through exchanging ideas, feelings and opinions with management. Further studies should link ERM to employee motivationItem An investigation into the causes of customer loan default at the Agricultural Bank of Namibia, Oshakati branch(University of Namibia, 2021) Namupala, Victoria N.; Chirimbana, MosesAgribank has faced credit risk of borrowers not repaying loans on time as per the loan contract. This has resulted in financial losses to the ban . The Bank is concerned with the low rate of loan recovery on its scheduled loan instalments. This concem is due to clients defaulting, resulting in a persistent growth in the arrear loan book. Though the bank has adequate security in place for its loan portfolio, the impact of a low rate of debt collection on its liquidity remains a cause for concern. This study sought to investigate factors that cause customers to default on loan repayments on loans financed by Agribank. Due to strict privacy of the Bank, information was only assessable to the authorised persons. The mixed method approach was adopted for the study. The study used a semi-structured questionnaire for customers and a semi structured interview guide for staff members. The sample size was 187 participants that comprising of 37% female and 63% male, with the biggest age group of 41-50 years contributing 44.9%. The loan accounts represented in the study were livestock, h01iiculture, tractor, and poultry. The study identified that poor loan-monitoring and follow-up, poor credit risk assessment, high interest rates, and grace period were the specific factors from the bank's side that affected the level of loan repayment. On the other hand, business experience, loan size and multiple loans, loan diversion and, other income were the reasons for defaulting from the customer's side. This study recommends that Agribank should enforce its loan monitoring officers to always follow up on the loans taken and to strengthen credit risk assessment. Training workshops were suggested for customers in areas that concern credit or loans, its sustainability, and activities that are considered to help the repayment of the loans or that lead to defaults thereofItem The contribution of corporate compliance on the performance and governance of the Namibia Institute of Pathology Limited(University of Namibia, 2020) Hengari, Nancy; Mafuru, WilhelmThe purpose of this study is to examine the contribution of corporate compliance on the performance and governance of Namibia Institute ofPathology. The research investigated the major corporate and institutional requirements that Namibia Institute of Pathology has to adhere to including identifying compliance techniques and their effects thereof. The research adopted pragmatism worldview, a philosophical assumption that arises out of actions, situations, and consequences rather than post-positivism. The population of the study was 93 respondents. The research used structured questionnaires to collect quantitative primary data and an interview guide to collect qualitative data. Quantitative data were analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics where as chi-square test method was used to test the variables. Qualitative data were analysed through content analysis, in which themes, sub-themes, and patterns that emerged from the study were examined. The findings of the study indicated that National Health Act, 2015 (Act No.2 of 20 15) as a frame of reference for corporate governance has been doubtfully used by Namibia Institute of Pathology to inform the structured uniform health system within Namibia. The findings of this research further showed that there is a certain degree of compliance especially to ISO 15189 with regard to quality standards; however to a certain extent, the research fmdings did not reveal how the institute has enforced its responsibility with regard to conformity with the codes, laws and rules. The research concludes that Namibia Institute of Pathology has an ambivalent and undetermined approach in its dealings with matters of corporate compliance and does not have a well-defined corporate compliance program and the dedicated compliance department to drive the compliance agenda. Therefore, this research recommends that monitoring and evaluation should be done with the main purpose of compelling the administration to adhere to the set institutional framework for corporate governance, that is the National Health Act, 2015 (Act No. 2 of 2015). It is further recommended that the NIP should establish and strengthen policies and procedures aimed at ensuring compliance with disclosure requirements as well as accountability at senior management level for the National Health Act 2015Item An investigation into the challenges facing women entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises in the Khomas region SME Incubator Centre(University of Namibia, 2019) Mulama-Haimbodi, Suama; Kamati, ReinholdThe study examined challenges facing Women Entrepreneurs in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Khomas region, Namibia. The study objectives were to identify and rank the chronic challenges that limit the success of women entrepreneurs. Further, the study investigated the fu r damental root causes of these challenges and come up with recommendations to mitigate or ameliorate the fundamental causes and challenges to women entrepreneurs. A mixed research method was used for this study. A sample for the study was selected through stratified random sampling. Through stratified sampling method a sample of 100 business-women was drawn from the population of 15,000 women entrepreneurs in the Khomas region as per the information obtained from the Ministry of Industrialisation Trade and SME Development (MITSMED). Data was collected through questionnaires administered to women entrepreneurs who operate in the SME Incubation centre. Quantitative data collected was analysed by means of descriptive statistics and the results were presented through figures, tables and summaries. Qualitative data was analysed, summarised and arranged into categories then coded and presented in an understandable way. The findings indicated that the challenges facing women entrepreneurs in the Khomas region, particularly the incubation centre were: lack of access to finance ' stiff competition, unavailability of land and premises, lack of skills and male domination. The women entrepreneurs in the Khomas region, especially the incubation centre need support from government and other stakeholders as well as the private sector in aspects of mentoring, subcontracting, eliminating gender inequality, creating fair competition, and availing financing to all. On the basis of the findings, the study recommended that these challenges should be handled strategically by solving the root-cause of the problem. In this regard, women entrepreneurs need more support from government and other stakeholders by reducing or reviewing the barrier requirements that are restricting the women entrepreneurs from operating effectively and efficiently. The study also recommended that the government and private sector should create an open dialogue with women entrepreneurs to review the existing platforms of trading policies as well as such policies to be implemented so that women entrepreneurs can freely trade in a conducive and clean environment to add value to the Namibian economyItem An analysis of the sources and use of financial resources of local authorities: The case of Rehoboth Town Council(University of Namibia, 2020) Haiyaka, Else Gudrun Salome; Sunde, TafirenyikaThis study assessed the factors affecting the financial performance of Rehoboth Town Council. Odero (2017) stated that financial performance in local government in the country remains poor and a radical approach to financial management was a necessity. The study assessed the factors affecting financial performance from institutional, human capital and external environment perspectives and its effects of financial performance of the town council. The study adopted a case study research design and data was collected through self-completing questionnaires. These were administered to 1 05 Rehoboth town council stakeholders. The findings were presented in graphs, charts and frequency tables. The study concluded that the main factors affecting Rehoboth Town Council's financial perfonnance included unavailability of reliable sources of funds, liquidity management, inflation rates, employee capacity and management practices. Though there were other factors affecting fmancial performance, the participants highly rated unavailability of reliable sources of funds, liquidity management, inflation rates, employee capacity and management practices. They indicated that there is a combination of institutional, human capital and external environment factors. The study recommended a number of factors to cushion poor financial performance in local authority among the debt management techniques, management of the cash conversion cycle and engagements for creation of sustainable income, investments in modem accounting management systems, extensive budget consultations and training and development for all the staff members for understanding of the town council financial management approaches. However the study only focused on the assessing the factors from a holistic approach, leaving room for testing of the magnitude of the effects of individual factors.Item Assessment of provisional taxpayers compliance with tax laws: A case for Oshakati office(University of Namibia, 2020) Amakutuwa, Akaktofel; Chirimbana, MosesThe purpose of the study was to make an assessment of the provisiona l taxpayers· compliance with tax laws at the Oshakati Inland Revenue Offi ce. The study seek answer to the fo llowing resea rch questions; (I ) What is the level of compliance to tax laws among the provisional tax payers registered with the IRD Oshakati Office? (2) What are the fac tors that influence provisiona l taxpayers' compliance with tax laws among the provisional taxpayers registered with the fRD Oshakati Office? (3) What strategies can be used to mitiga te on the compliance with tax laws among the provisiona l tax payers registered with Oshakati Office? The study utili zed a mi xed method to co llect data from employees fo r lRD Oshakati Offi ce and the taxpayers for IRD Oshakati Offi ce. The quantitati ve dimension of the study used a stratified random sampling strategy to select 3 76 taxpayers who completed a closed ended que tionnaire and a purposeful sampling strategy through the use of an in-depth face to face interview was used to select data from 14 empl oyees fo r Oshakati Inland Revenue. The findings of the study show that the level of compliance to tax payment by tax payers at the Oshakati Inland Revenue office is 36.9% which is less than 50%. In addition, the study also found out that the attitudes of the taxpayers have effect on their compliance to tax payment at the IRD Oshakati Office. The study a lso fo und out that the level o f compliance of the taxpayers relate to their income. Those who earn more, are more compliant than those who earn less. The study also fo und out that the level of governmental accountability and transparency detem1ines their level of compliance to the payment. More so, the study a lso unveiled that the level of educa tion, understanding public responsibility towards the benefits of paying taxes influence an individua l's decision to be compliant with tax laws. Based on the findings above, the study recommended the need to educa te the genera l publi c on the importaJJCe of complying with tax laws, and that the taxpayers need to be given a total ownership and autonomy understand that they are the ones who keep the government revenue run and economically functional. The study also recommended that there should be a li ve broadcast and campaigns to a lert the general public of their legitimate role in being compliant to paying their taxesItem An analysis of the impact of the exchange rate on export perfomance in Namibia(University of Namibia, 2019) Amadhila, Orodesia; Mugano, GiftThe purpose of the study was to analyse the effect of the exchange rate on export performance in Namibia. Furthermore, the researcher was to investigate if there is a relationship between the exchange rate and export performance. The objectives of the study were to examine whether there is a long run relationship between real effective exchange rate and export performance in Namibia, to determine the casual relationship between real exchange rate and export performance in Namibia as well as to suggest policies for the mitigation of the impact on the domestic economy. The theories on which this paper was based are Marshal-Lerner Condition, Exchange Rate Pass-Through and The Balance of Payments theory. To investigate the existence of a long run relationship between exchange rate and export performance in Namibia, the Engle-Granger two-step estimation technique was employed. The technique entails the determination of the long term co-integration relationship through testing for stationarity of the residuals using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test. The study revealed that the variable exchange rate negatively affects export performance and that the coefficient is statistically significant. From the regression estimation it can be concluded that the theoretical proposition of the relationship between exchange rate and export performance is confirmed in the case of Namibia. A currency depreciation results in more exports while a currency appreciation results in a reduction in exports. Therefore, policy recommendations of the study included employing strong financial tools to hedge against change in the international market, such as: Accept the risk and transfer it through pricing, A void or minimise costly commodities, seek natural hedges and manage the risk through contractsItem An investigation of the relationship between effective employee engagement and performance of Zambezi Regional Council(University of Namibia, 2018) Maloboka, Riscoh MuswabileHuman resources are one of the most critical success factors of any organization or institution. Having employees feeling that they are part of the organization’s big family can motivate them to perform their duties exceptionally well and in the long run make an organization more competitive. The performance of an employee is linked to the performance of the organization in the sense that if employees do not perform their duties diligently, the performance of the organization will also suffer, and consequently the organization will perform poorly. This study investigated the relationship between effective employee engagement and the performance of Zambezi Regional Council. The study used a random sampling technic to select the sample. A structured questionnaire was used in gathering data. A response rate of 92.5% was recorded. The data collected was recorded, coded and presented in Microsoft Excel. The collected data was presented by way of various graphs such as pie charts, bar graphs and line graphs. The main research finding was that most employees are not engaged fully in their work due to various reasons contained in this document and thereby impacting the organizational ultimate performanceItem An evaluation of financial management practices in tier 3 state owned enterprises in Namibia(University of Namibia, 2022) Veroonika, PetrusThe success or failure of any organisation whether public or private is reckoned on the governance and effectiveness of its financial management practices. Moreover, financial management practices have an impact on a broad range of areas within an organisation, including, aggregate financial management, operations management, governance and fiduciary risk management. Consequently, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the financial management practices in Tier 3 SOEs in Namibia. Specifically, the study investigated the current financial management practices adopted by Tier 3 SOEs in Namibia and to determine their effects as well as to identify the challenges regarding the implementation of financial management practices. The study employed a descriptive survey research design to collect the data on financial management practices from the CEOs, Accountants and Financial Directors/Managers (FD/Ms) of Tier 3 Namibian SOEs. Semi - structured questionnaires were used to collect the primary data and all data was entered and analysed using SPSS v.26. Descriptive analysis was done and the results were presented in tables, figures and charts. The findings show that, financial planning and control, reporting and analysis of financial, working capital management and capital structures management practice are current financial management practices adopted by Tier 3 SOEs in Namibia. Companies have good financial performance. Lack of advanced knowledge and skills was one of the challenges experienced in the implementation of financial management practices in the SOEs. Failure to fill vacant positions and lack of support from leadership (management) were also identified as challenges that hinder the implementation of the financial management practices. Therefore, the study recommends that the managers in SOEs should highly prioritise financial management practices during the formulation of their organisation's strategies to enhance transparency, accountability and consistency in financial operations. Finally, the study also recommends that regulatory bodies should formulate appropriate policies and regulations which would facilitate the implementation of financial management practices in companies.Item An analysis of factors influencing the financial performance of Namibian fuel stations in Helao-Nafidi town(University of Namibia, 2023) Mirjam, Wilka KuhatumwaThis study sought to analyse factors that have an impact on the financial performance of fuel stations at the Helao Nafidi town in the Ohangwena region, in terms of risk management, high fuel prices, the pandemic (COVID-19, logistic management (stock arrival) and the role of government in mitigating losses of financial performance. This study used explanatory sequential research design. It adopted a mixed methodology approach in which data was collected using a questionnaire for the quantitative part and for the qualitative part, an interview guide was used. To achieve this, the study used multiple regression analysis, based on a sample size of 32 participants and the results reveal positive impacts of risk management and stock arrival on business performance while high fuel prices and pandemics reveal negative impacts on business performance for fuel stations at the Helao Nafidi town in the Ohangwena region. Moreover, the study followed up on these findings qualitatively to explore the role that the government can play to mitigate business performance losses for the fuel stations due to pandemics, which go hand in hand with high fuel prices using reflective thematic analysis in NVivo. This analysis was based on the data collected from 12 interviewees using an interview guide and results revealed two themes, each with two codes. The first theme was on controlling the rivalry with two codes as oil/fuel smuggling control and the protection of the borders. The second theme was selfreliance that is associated with two codes as own oil discovery and giving subsidies. Thus, the study applied an explanatory sequential research design. Lastly, qualitative findings serve as policy recommendations while in terms of directions for future studies, the study suggests future research focus on other regions that are not severely affected by oil/fuel smuggling in Namibia from Angola, as well as to assessing the impact of the pandemic on business performance for companies in other sectors. Keywords: Business performance, risk management, high fuel prices, COVID-19 pandemic, multiple regression analysis, reflective thematic analysisItem An assessment of employers' expectations to enhance the employability of university graduates in Namibia(University of Namibia, 2023) Nepando, Victor P.The issue of university graduate employability is a universal challenge however severe in developing countries. Namibia is one such developing country that has challenges with graduate employability. This study was conducted to establish the employers' perceptions of graduate employability. The study sought to establish the employers' perceptions towards graduate employability, employers' views on the effectiveness of recruitment and selection methods to determine the skills of graduates, and to establish interventions that can be put in place to enhance graduates' employability. The study adopted a qualitative exploratory research design informed by interpretivism as the research philosophy underpinning the study. Out of a population of 69 employers, twenty purposively selected employers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide, which contained questions, aligned with the research objectives. Data were analyzed using a thematic data analysis technique. An Atlas ti software was used to analyse data. The following results were obtained. Employers perceived graduates to lack hands-on and soft skills. According to the employers, a lack of hands-on skills compromised productivity, and a lack of soft skills affected adjusting to the work environment and fitting into the team. The employers further indicated that a lack of these skills made the induction process long and costly to the organisation. The study established that recruitment and selection were aimed to select recruits who were then taken for induction, hence the selection process fails to determine the skills of the graduate. Finally, the study recommended the need for an inclusive approach to curriculum design, where all key stakeholders are part of the curriculum design process. The study also recommended enacting an attachment policy, which is inclusive and includes a module on soft skills in all courses. The Ministry of Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Creations were requested to conduct a skills audit, to guide and inform tertiary institutions on the demand for skills. Universities would be informed of trades, which require additional skills. The study also raised the need to 4 counsel students during their final year at university. The study suggested further study involving all key stakeholders on the challenges of graduate employability so that an inclusive plan of action can be generatedItem Analysis of operational performance of savings and credit cooperatives during COVID-19 pandemic in Manzini region Eswatini(University of Namibia, 2022) Maseko, Cynthia MthembeniSavings and Credit Cooperatives Organisations (SACCOs) suffered the maelstrom of the COVID-19 PANDEMIC which disrupted the SACCO model to its core. This study carried out an analysis of the operational performance of SACCOs during the COVID-19 PANDEMIC in Manzini, Eswatini. With the guidance from the Resource Dependency Theory (RDT), this study sought to equip SACCO managers in developing resilient strategies and empower the SACCO movement to lobby for recognition as an essential service during a lockdown. A qualitative research with a case study research design was carried out. Seven SACCO managers under the Manzini region in Eswatini were interviewed to analyse the impact of COVID-19 PANDEMIC on the operational performance of SACCOs. Findings of this study included: the participants’ acknowledgement of the arduous operations during the lockdown; SACCOs had to seek authorisation from the Ministry of Trade and Commerce to open business as an “essential service”. The use of technology became inevitable for SACCOs, since working from home became the new normal. Also, the election of the BODs could not occur in the year, 2020. SACCOs’ innovation strategies included embracing technology, active communication with the members; via bulk SMSs, cell phones, emails, WhatsApp and through SACCOs representatives in the periphery and holding regional meetings. Internal communication was mostly, virtual. This study recommends that Eswatini SACCOs should adopt the Six Sigma strategy, monitor customer satisfaction, strengthen SACCOs’ IT systems, develop Risk management and Business Continuity Plans (BCPs) and ensure preparedness for future pandemicsItem Exploring challenges in implementing performance management systems in the ministry of health and social services in the Kavango East region, Namibia(University of Namibia, 2023) Malowelo, SophiaThe study explores the challenges in implementing performance management systems in the Ministry of Health and Social Services in the Kavango East Region. Performance management systems typically include performance appraisal and employee development. In the context of Namibia, the performance management system was launched and implemented by the public services following approval by Cabinet in August 2011. The study aimed to assess the challenges faced in the implementation of a performance management system in the Ministry of Health and Social Services at the Regional Directorate of the Kavango East Region. Using a qualitative approach, the study focused on the employees of the Ministry of Health and Social Services at the Regional Directorate of Health in the Kavango East Region, representing different levels, namely: the management and general employees. A total of 18 participants were reached through the use of interview guides to obtain data. The main findings showed that both general employees and managers have a good understanding of PMS. However, the implementation of PMS was rated ineffective due to challenges such as a lack of training on how to use PMS in the organisation, lack of knowledge and skills, poor design, and poor involvement of the management in enforcing PMS. However, the results indicated that there was a relationship between the implementation of PMS and organisational performance. Findings from respondents in this study also indicated lack of resources and lack of performance target implementation as other challenges to implementation. The study recommends that the best way to implement the PMS at the Regional Directorate of Health in the Kavango East Region is to use a variety of models, most of which only the management can determine and decide onItem An evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 on the performance of hotels and lodges in Windhoek, Namibia(University of Namibia, 2023) Kauatuuapehi, ClemenceThis study evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of hotels and lodges in Windhoek, Namibia. The study was promoted by the poor and uninspiring performance of hotels and lodges following the pronouncement of successive COVID-19 induced lockdowns. The objectives of the study were to establish the influence of COVID-19 on occupancy rates, ADR, RevPAR and profitability of hotels and lodges in Windhoek, Namibia and suggest perceived policy interventions for sustainable recovery of the hotels and lodges. The study was theoretically guided by the theory of constraints, resource-based theory and the dynamic capability theory. The study adopted the positivism philosophy and quantitative approach to enable the researcher to make use of scientific evidence, including statistics that show how COVID-19 affected the performance of hotels and lodges in Windhoek, Namibia. A correlational research design was employed to facilitate hypotheses testing and explain the cause-and-effect relationships between the COVID-19 pandemic and the performance of the hotels and lodges. A total of 89 structured questionnaires, designed using google forms, were electronically distributed through a cross-sectional survey that targeted managers and accounting officers of the participating hotels. The respondents were selected using stratified random sampling in order to reflect the population structure in the sample. Data was analysed quantitatively using SPSS version 19. It was revealed that rising new COVID-19 cases and deaths as well as restrictions on domestic, regional and international travel led to cancellation of bookings and low occupancy rates. COVID-19 negatively impacted on Average Daily Rate (ADR), Revenue Per Available Room (RevPAR) and profitability of hotels and lodges. The study concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the performance of hotels and lodges in Windhoek, Namibia. It was recommended that hotels and lodges should develop new business models; advocate for a rescue / aid package for hotels and lodges and target domestic tourists with limited travel restrictions to enhance occupancy, ADR and RevPAR. A further study covering other cities and towns in Namibia and incorporating qualitative methods was suggestedItem An investigation into the survival strategies of small and medium enterprises amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Ohangwena region, Namibia(University of Namibia, 2023) Haipa, VictorinaThe study revealed that many Ohangwena Region (Namibia) SMEs business owners devised many ways to remain afloat in our businesses such as advertising through Facebook, WhatsApp, Tik Tok and others. It was further noted that they resorted for grouping into smaller groups and asking for one transporter to carry their stock from Windhoek. As a survival strategy. This served them transport costs, Covid-19 protocol clearances as well as funds for accommodation and refreshments to and from Windhoek. It was also discovered that networking with other competitors, e-marketing, consulting business gurus, cutting down the staff, introducing short working hours as well as down-sizing their operations ensured their survival during the pandemic. However, despite the strategies employed, it was discovered in the data that some SMEs found it difficult for their businesses to stay afloat. Thus, it impacts on transactions in the market. Various elements affected included restaurants, markets, shopping centres, online transportation and SMEs. It was therefore advised that businesses, particularly such negatively impacted SMEs should explore the use of network communication platforms such as Facebook and WhatsApp, if they are to overcome the supply chain disruption challenges caused by COVID-19Item The impact of good governance on service delivery in local authorities: A case of Khomasdal North Constituency(University of Namibia, 2023) Katjivikua, Mervin J.Good governance in the public sector aims to encourage better service delivery and improved accountability. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of good governance in enhancing the delivery of service within the Khomasdal North Constituency. The study used a mixed method approach , where questionaires were distributed to 364 residents of Khomasdal North Constituency who were randomly selected from a population of 3,693 residents. For the qualitative approach, interviews were conducted with 15 Khomasdal Regional Council officials and the municipal authority officials. These were purposively selected. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse and present quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. Results indicated that corporate governance has an impact on service delivery. The study also established that corporate governance practices are hindered by several challenges such as lack of decentralisation of decision-making processes. The study also noted that Khomasdal North Constituency tries to provide other services, but there is still need for more to be done for the community. It is recommended that the Government of the Republic of Namibia ought to provide a conducive environment that encourages stakeholder involvement in policy implementation in order to promote public participation in governance and service delivery; the Government of Republic of Namibia ought to provide adequate financial resources to sub-national levels of government in order to strengthen their financial capacities. Finally, Regional and Local government institutions in Namibia must be properly equipped with skilled and competent officials in areas that are fundamental to governance and service deliveryItem Examining the impact of organisational culture on performance: A case of IntraHealth Namibia(University of Namibia, 2023) Shilomboleni, MarthaIntraHealth Namibia is a non-governmental organisation that works in the health sector providing technical support to the Ministry of Health and Social Services to lessen the burden that the Ministry is facing. It relies on donor funding for its operations. IntraHealth Namibia was established in 2016 and being the youngest player in the industry, it managed to get funding for its four-projects while its competitors only managed to secure funding for at least one and at most two each of their projects. This study sought to establish the role of organisational culture on the success of IntraHealth Namibia. The study reviewed among others, Hofstede’s cultural dimension framework where several indices like power distance, individualism, and uncertainty, among others were discussed. The study adopted a census sampling method where 65 IntraHealth Namibia employees completed structured questionnaires. The questionnaires were sent to everyone via email since all employees had access to email services. The study found that IntraHealth Namibia’s organisational culture had an influence on its performance. The study also found that IntraHealth Namibia had a combination of people-oriented and goal-oriented culture. Furthermore, the study also established that IntraHealth Namibia management encourages employee participation through scheduled regular meetings. The study recommends that IntraHealth Namibia’s management continues to guide and foster best practices among its employees to avoid non beneficial practices like corruption. The study further recommends the establishment of a department that is responsible for implementing and enforcing the culture at IntraHealth Namibia. The study concludes by recommending further studies in the role of leadership in organisational performanceItem Examining effects of organisational communication on lower-level employee performance at Jose Eduardo Dos Santos campus of the University of Namibia(University of Namibia, 2023) Lukas, Josef N.The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of organisational communication on lower-level employees’ performance at Jose Eduardo Dos Santos Campus. In addition, it identified the channels of communication considered by lower-level employees. It also analysed the benefits of organisational communication on lower-level employee’s performance. Finally, strategies to enhance the practice of organisational communication to better the performance of lower-level employees were also determined. Moreover, the researcher followed a qualitative research approach and adopted the interpretivism philosophy. The study used the non-probability sampling technique, particularly judgmental sampling to select a sample of twenty participants from a total population of sixty lower-level employees. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview guide making use of open-ended questions. Additionally, thematic analysis was used to analyse data by coding themes and presented using graphs, tables, and pie charts. The study findings show that there is a direct and significant relationship between organisational communication and lower-level employee’s performance as an instrumental factor behind organisational success. Therefore, the study concludes that organisational communication allows the institution to obtain a significant result which is unattainable by any standalone human being. In the final analysis, the study recommends that Jose Eduardo Dos Santos Campus should maintain organisational communication as it has been proven to influence employees to better perform their job. The study also recommends for a similar research can be carried out in other institutions to compare if they face the same challenges and how the best it can be addressed to enhance organisational performance